Question 1

A commercial comes on for an arthritis crème. Lachlan has been having some pain in his knees lately, so he's both motivated and able to attend to the commercial. Therefore, he is more likely to use the ________ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral 
B)  heuristic 
C)  central 
D)  relevant

Question 2

Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit by

Accepted Answer

A)  using logical appeals. 
B)  creating a problem so consumers will buy the product. 
C)  appealing to the increased health consciousness of the public. 
D)  inducing watchers to process information via the central route.

Question 3

Lori downloads and listens to MP3s to help her quit smoking. She cannot consciously detect any antismoking messages. Chances are that the messages are

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit. 
B)  subliminal. 
C)  not there at all. 
D)  superliminal.

Question 4

Jane is asked what kind of computer she prefers. She says, "Well, I always seem to be working on a Macintosh, so I guess I like them best." In this case, Jane's attitude appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  affectively based. 
B)  cognitively based. 
C)  value-based. 
D)  behaviorally based.

Question 5

The Rolling Stones' "Satisfaction" was playing on the radio when Margaret's fiancé broke off their engagement. Margaret was heartbroken, of course, and can no longer stand the Rolling Stones or their songs, and turns them off every time they come on the radio. Margaret's attitude toward the Rolling Stones and their songs is affectively based in that it was

Accepted Answer

A)  linked to her deeply held values. 
B)  classically conditioned by a traumatic experience. 
C)  generated by a rational examination of the issues. 
D)  highly accessible when her fiancé broke the engagement.

Question 6

Cognitively based attitude is to ________ as ________ attitude is to emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation; behaviorally based 
B)  evaluation; value-based 
C)  appraisal; affectively based 
D)  values; affectively based

Question 7

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, you are more likely to be influenced by the central route when you are

Accepted Answer

A)  preoccupied with other matters. 
B)  willing and able to give your full attention to the message. 
C)  not invested in the topic at hand. 
D)  impressed with the speaker's credentials and manner.

Question 8

Based on the principles of psychological reactance, what should a mother say to her daughter who wants to have her nose pierced?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I won't be seen with you in public if you pierce your nose." 
B)  "Wait until your father hears about this!" 
C)  "You'd hate it if I took away your driving privileges." 
D)  "Please think about how you'll feel when you're thirty with a hole in your nose."

Question 9

Eva's friends and her husband think that it's important that she get a mammogram at her next annual checkup. Eva believes that it will be relatively easy for her to make time in her schedule for that extra procedure. Thus, Eva has every intention of getting a mammogram as part of her annual checkup. This example best reflects the power of ________ and ________, respectively, to influence behavioral intentions and subsequent behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific attitudes; perceived behavioral control 
B)  deliberative attitudes ; subjective norms 
C)  subjective norms ; affectively based attitudes 
D)  subjective norms ; perceived behavioral control

Question 10

A study described in the text on the effects of an antimarijuana ad on teenagers' use of marijuana found that

Accepted Answer

A)  teens high in sensation-seeking were most affected by the ads. 
B)  teens low in sensation-seeking were most affected by the ads. 
C)  there was about a 10 percent increase in marijuana use among those who saw the ads. 
D)  all teens who saw the ads were 50 percent less likely to use marijuana.

Question 11

You have agreed to make a speech in front of the Student Union building to convince students of the necessity of tuition increases. You haven't had a lot of time to rehearse your arguments, and you know if you had another two days you could construct and deliver a more logical, well-reasoned persuasive message. In order to increase the odds that the audience will be persuaded by your less-than-ideal speech, you should ________ to ensure that the audience processes your message ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  persuade your friends to move through the crowd, heckling to distract them; centrally 
B)  speak on the side of the building where noisy construction is underway; peripherally 
C)  convince them that the issue is relevant to them; peripherally 
D)  convince them of what they stand to gain if tuition increases are enacted; heuristically

Question 12

The ________ route to persuasion is to enduring attitude change as the ________ route to persuasion is to transient change.

Accepted Answer

A)  central; systematic 
B)  peripheral; heuristic 
C)  central; peripheral 
D)  systematic; central

Question 13

Chaiken (1987) and other proponents of the heuristic-systematic model of persuasion assert that emotions often signal us as to our true attitudes. By this they mean that

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional responses are the basis of most attitudes. 
B)  emotions often inform our "How do I feel about it?" heuristic. 
C)  careful analysis of message contents invokes strong emotions. 
D)  positive emotions are used as a heuristic but negative emotions are not.

Question 14

In general, what is an attitude? Provide an example of an attitude toward some person or thing, and identify the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of that attitude.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, what is an attitude? Provide...

Question 15

Who is most likely to form a behaviorally based attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lucinda, who tastes sushi for the first time because she is curious and hates it 
B)  Carmen, who goes clogging with her friends because they insist on her accompanying them 
C)  Jeremiah, who finds himself spending hours on the Internet for no good reason 
D)  Paco, who goes to the gym five days a week because the doctor ordered him to lose weight and exercise

Question 16

Around the turn of the century, cigarette advertisers began to appeal to women as a new market for their product. They did this by making the connection between smoking and

Accepted Answer

A)  weight loss. 
B)  sophistication and glamour. 
C)  women's liberation. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

The ________ component of attitudes is to emotional reactions as the ________ component is to knowledge and beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluative; behavioral 
B)  affective; behavioral 
C)  evaluative; cognitive 
D)  affective; cognitive

Question 18

Just after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush's performance ratings soared from a low of 50 percent to a high of 82 percent, only to fall back to 53 percent a month later. This phenomenon suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  political attitudes are especially volatile. 
B)  although relatively stable, attitudes can and do change. 
C)  political ads are not as effective as politicians would hope. 
D)  the electorate had no internal justification for voting for Clinton.

Question 19

George is trying to decide which of two used cars to buy. He test drives each, listening to the radio while he does so. While he is test driving the Honda, his favorite song comes on the radio. George tells his friend, "I know the Toyota is a bit better of a deal, but somehow the Honda just feels better to me." If the reason that the Honda feels better is that George liked the song that he heard while driving it, his decision is being influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  misattribution of emotion. 
B)  central route processing. 
C)  dissonance reduction. 
D)  schematic processing.

Question 20

You are hired by a group concerned with sex and violence in the media. This group wants to persuade children to behave morally and therefore wants to ban all images and messages of violence or sex in the media. From what you know about reactance theory, what would you tell this group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are hired by a group concerned...

Exam 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings