Question 1

In the context of leadership, research by Lee et al. (2011) indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  women are more egalitarian than men. 
B)  men are more opposed to social hierarchies than women. 
C)  men are less likely to engage in social loafing than women. 
D)  women are more likely to be task leaders than men.

Question 2

All of the below are needed for "groupthink" to occur EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  group cohesiveness. 
B)  isolation of the group from dissenting views. 
C)  members being well-informed regarding the issues. 
D)  a directive leader who signals what they favor.

Question 3

People in groups will loaf less when the

Accepted Answer

A)  task is challenging or appealing. 
B)  task is not involving. 
C)  group members hardly know each other. 
D)  task is not rewarded.

Question 4

Shaw (1981) argued that the one thing that all groups have in common is that the members

Accepted Answer

A)  reside in the same location. 
B)  belong to the same gender. 
C)  interact. 
D)  speak the same language.

Question 5

A looting mob is a good example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing. 
B)  minority influence. 
C)  deindividuation. 
D)  social ostracism.

Question 6

Group polarization occurs when group discussion _______ group members' initial inclinations.

Accepted Answer

A)  challenges 
B)  reverses 
C)  neutralizes 
D)  strengthens

Question 7

When giving a speech in class, you spend most of the first five minutes wondering what your audience is thinking of you. This is a good example of _____, wherein instead of thinking about what you are saying you are focusing on your audience.

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing 
B)  social distortion 
C)  driven by distraction 
D)  deindividuation

Question 8

In a study by Latané and his colleagues (1979), participants were asked to shout and clap as loud as possible. Participants produced the most noise when they

Accepted Answer

A)  thought they were shouting alone. 
B)  thought there was one other person shouting with them. 
C)  thought there were five other people shouting with them. 
D)  were not feeling any evaluation apprehension.

Question 9

Research on leadership indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  many effective leaders of laboratory groups and large corporations exhibit behaviors that efficiently suppress minority view. 
B)  effective supervisors tend to score high on both task and social leadership. 
C)  the most effective leaders typically deviate significantly from a group's standards or norms. 
D)  transformational leaders lack the capacity to inspire or motivate others to commit themselves to the group's mission.

Question 10

When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is _______ and the probability of social loafing is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; high 
D)  low; low

Question 11

According to Johnson (2006), different groups help us meet different needs EXCEPT to

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliate. 
B)  achieve. 
C)  gain social identity. 
D)  set group norms.

Question 12

Which one of the following is NOT an explanation for group polarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  informational influence 
B)  normative influence 
C)  social facilitation 
D)  desire to be accepted

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of group polarization in one's community?

Accepted Answer

A)  gang delinquency 
B)  cheering wildly at a football game 
C)  an isolated, troubled teenager being aggressive towards his classmates 
D)  a group of people attending a concert

Question 14

Watson (1973) found that cultures with depersonalized warriors were

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to be forgiving. 
B)  less likely to be victorious. 
C)  less likely to commit vandalism. 
D)  more likely to brutalize their victims.

Question 15

You are in a group with the task of brainstorming a solution to a problem. How could you enhance your group's task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are in a group with the...

Question 16

A person who is able to motivate others to identify with and commit themselves to the group's mission would be best described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  task leader. 
B)  transformational leader. 
C)  social leader. 
D)  transactional leader.

Question 17

Closed-mindedness is most clearly fostered by which of the following symptoms of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalization 
B)  unquestioned belief in the group's morality 
C)  an illusion of unanimity 
D)  conformity pressure

Question 18

Sam has a tendency to contribute little effort to group assignments, as he thinks others will be sure to pick up the slack in an effort to get a good grade. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation. 
B)  social loafing. 
C)  deindividuation. 
D)  egocentric bias.

Question 19

On Halloween night, Diener and her colleagues (1976) conducted a study of trick-or-treat theft at homes scattered throughout the Seattle area. Given a chance to steal candy, the children who were _______ were most likely to commit transgressions.

Accepted Answer

A)  anonymous and alone 
B)  anonymous and in a group 
C)  frustrated and alone 
D)  frustrated and in a group

Question 20

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  "We have been in agreement on matters in the past and I hope that will continue." 
B)  "Joe, why don't you play devil's advocate and challenge the course of action most of us seem to prefer?" 
C)  "I think we need some outsiders to come in and critique our decision before we proceed." 
D)  "We have made some stupid mistakes in the past. Let's work carefully to not make the same errors again."

Exam 8: Memory