Question 1

Deindividuation is _____ likely when self-awareness is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; high 
B)  less; high 
C)  not; low 
D)  never; absent

Question 2

Which two symptoms of groupthink lead group members to overestimate their group's right and might?

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalization and conformity pressure 
B)  rationalization and a stereotyped view of the opponent 
C)  an illusion of invulnerability and self-censorship 
D)  an illusion of invulnerability and an unquestioned belief in the group's morality

Question 3

When people learn about others' positions, without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position, they will

Accepted Answer

A)  often take a reverse position. 
B)  not adjust their own position. 
C)  adjust their responses to maintain a socially favorable position. 
D)  pretend they "knew it all along."

Question 4

Maggie favors the death penalty. In discussing this issue with some like-minded classmates, she hears arguments for this position that she has never considered before. After the discussion, her opinion is more extreme. This outcome is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  informational influence. 
B)  counterfactual thinking. 
C)  the reactance theory. 
D)  the social comparison theory.

Question 5

You are hesitant to ask questions in class because you assume everyone else understands and you would therefore appear foolish in the class. Your thinking best exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  pluralistic ignorance. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  self-handicapping.

Question 6

Social comparison is more likely to sway responses on

Accepted Answer

A)  issues that have a factual element. 
B)  moderate, rather than severe, issues. 
C)  value-laden judgments. 
D)  complex, rather than simple issues.

Question 7

According to Marvin Shaw, which of the following does NOT constitute a group?

Accepted Answer

A)  a doctor with her patient 
B)  three people who share the same taxi and decide who gets dropped off first 
C)  four people working together on a class project 
D)  five people riding the city bus

Question 8

Wright (2003) suggested that the Internet is an effective means to rally like-minded people and mobilize lethal consequences, such as recruiting individuals for terror organizations. Which concept in social psychology best explains this trend?

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization 
B)  pluralistic ignorance 
C)  social inhibition 
D)  social facilitation

Question 9

The extremism of terrorist organizations, such as those involved in the September 11th attacks on the United States, is very likely the result of the naturally occurring process of

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization. 
B)  pluralistic ignorance. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  social facilitation.

Question 10

Martha is excellent at organizing her employees, setting goals, and focusing on achieving those goals for the company. Martha excels in

Accepted Answer

A)  social leadership. 
B)  laissez faire leadership. 
C)  task leadership. 
D)  affiliative leadership.

Question 11

When being observed increases evaluation concerns, _______ occurs; when being lost in a crowd decreases evaluation concerns, _______ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation; groupthink 
B)  groupthink; deindividuation 
C)  social loafing; social facilitation 
D)  social facilitation; social loafing

Question 12

Social psychologists have accurately predicted that _______ will exhibit less social loafing.

Accepted Answer

A)  women 
B)  men 
C)  children 
D)  the elderly

Question 13

The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 14

Consistent with the social facilitation effect, Michaels and his colleagues (1982) found that when good pool players were observed, they did _______ than when they did not know they were being observed.

Accepted Answer

A)  much worse 
B)  better 
C)  the same 
D)  slightly worse

Question 15

Gina is a highly effective leader who excels in delegating authority, building teamwork, and providing support. Gina excels in

Accepted Answer

A)  social leadership. 
B)  laissez faire leadership. 
C)  task leadership. 
D)  goal leadership.

Question 16

At your factory job, output was measured at the end of every day by how much the team of workers you belonged to produced. Because of this evaluation procedure, your behavior was most likely to be characterized by _______; now that a new manager has taken over and each individual worker's output is measured by a computer, your behavior is now most likely to be characterized by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation; groupthink 
B)  groupthink; deindividuation 
C)  social loafing; social facilitation 
D)  social facilitation; social loafing

Question 17

According to Shaw (1981) what is the one thing all groups have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They interact. 
B)  They have at least 5 people. 
C)  They have co-actors. 
D)  All members operate in close proximity of one another.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a prescriptive strategy to prevent groupthink from developing?

Accepted Answer

A)  One or more members should be assigned the position of devil's advocate. 
B)  Endorse any particular position and start group discussions by having people state their positions. 
C)  Outsiders should attend the meetings and challenge the group's views. 
D)  After reaching a preliminary decision, the group should call a second-chance meeting and ask each member to express remaining doubts.

Question 19

The tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present is the original meaning of

Accepted Answer

A)  the groupthink effect. 
B)  the social facilitation effect. 
C)  the false consensus effect. 
D)  the false uniqueness effect.

Question 20

People who are made self-aware by acting in front of a mirror or TV camera have been found to

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibit increased self-confidence. 
B)  behave more consistently with their attitudes. 
C)  be less thoughtful in analyzing complex social issues. 
D)  be more vulnerable to persuasive appeals that run counter to social norms.

Exam 8: Memory

Deindividuation is _ likely when self-awareness is _.