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Before we had a human genetic map, disease gene identification was difficult. Sometimes, however, knowledge of the gene product provided a path to a gene underlying a Mendelian disorder. For example, haemophilia A was long known to be a deficiency of a specific blood clotting protein, ___1____ ___2___, and using that information it was possible to purify large amounts of ___1____ ___2___ from pig blood and then to design ____3______ oligonucleotides that corresponded to all possible codon interpretations of an optimal part of the amino acid sequence of the pig ___1____ ___2___ protein. The resulting oligonucleotides were then used as ____4_____ probes to screen first a human ____5____ library and then a ____6____ ___ 7____ library to identify the underlying human gene.