Question 1

Kyle and Amy want their baby to walk early, so they take the baby's favorite toy and place it where the child cannot reach it from a crawling position. Kyle and Amy believe that this will motivate the baby to stand upright to retrieve the toy and will thus result in him walking sooner. Their belief is most consistent with the _____ systems view of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  maturational 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  neuroconstructivist 
D)  dynamic

Question 2

When Tucker first started tying his shoe he had to think about it and move slowly. Now that he is older and has practiced tying his shoe many times, he does it without any thought. His memory for this activity has moved from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  explicit; implicit 
C)  temporary; permanent 
D)  permanent; temporary

Question 3

Infants nearly triple their birth weight by the age of:

Accepted Answer

A)  two years. 
B)  one years. 
C)  four months. 
D)  six months.

Question 4

The view that perception and actions are coupled together, thus infants perceive something in the environment that motivates them to create patterns of behavior for exploration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The view that perception and actions are...

Question 5

In the "sticky mittens" research project, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier than average. 
B)  the infants in the group without mittens developed stronger grips than average. 
C)  the infants in the mitten group developed language skills faster than average. 
D)  the group without mittens developed better than average object manipulation skills.

Question 6

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is showing:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  dishabituation.

Question 7

"Want ice cream," "Fall down," and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  holophrases. 
B)  repetitive speech patterns. 
C)  telegraphic speech. 
D)  reflexive speech patterns.

Question 8

Jean Mandler argues that early categorizations are best described as _____ categorization. That is, the categorizations are based on similar features of objects such as size, color, and movement, as well as parts of objects, such as legs for animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  conceptual 
B)  textual 
C)  factual 
D)  perceptual

Question 9

Nine-month-old Hector is pointing at his sippy cup. Which aspect of language is Hector utilizing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cooing 
B)  Babbling 
C)  Crying 
D)  Gestures

Question 10

Briefly explain the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of development. Provide an example of how each are evidenced in a baby.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns...

Question 11

Infants who spent most of their time sleeping during the night as opposed to during the day:

Accepted Answer

A)  showed higher levels of executive function at age four. 
B)  were more likely to experience nightmares at age five. 
C)  had more reported sibling problems at age four. 
D)  showed language delays in early childhood.

Question 12

Noam Chomsky believed that at birth children have a _____, comprised of the biological mechansims needed to detect features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Accepted Answer

A)  language acquisition device 
B)  biological language center 
C)  primary language center 
D)  biological language device

Question 13

Which statement is FALSE regarding infants' sense of touch and pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anesthesia is not used on infants. 
B)  Newborn males cry during circumcision, indicating pain. 
C)  Newly circumcised infants go into a deep sleep soon after the procedure. 
D)  Kangaroo care is effective in reducing neonatal pain.

Question 14

Sharon's favorite stuffed animal has been sitting by her right side for the last hour. She has picked it up and put it back in the same place several times. Her mother, trying to get Sharon to move, got her attention by placing the toy across the floor. She notices that Sharon keeps reaching on her right side, expecting the toy to be there. This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  Type one error 
B)  Type two error 
C)  F-not-N error 
D)  A-not-B error

Question 15

The _____ pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximodistal 
B)  proximocaudal 
C)  cephalocaudal 
D)  cephalodistal

Question 16

At about what age do infants perceive that occluded objects are whole?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  two months 
C)  six months 
D)  one year

Exam 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

When Tucker first started tying his shoe he had to think about it and move slowly. Now that he is older and has practiced tying his shoe many times, he does it without any thought. His memory for this activity has moved from _ to _.