Question 1

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized on the basis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that Piaget equated cognitive development with scientific-logical thinking. 
B)  Piaget's definition of cognitive development generalizes well to other cultures. 
C)  formal operational thinking (stage 4) is much less common than Piaget suggested. 
D)  children seem to acquire cognitive skills at the ages that Piaget believed.

Question 2

The understanding that gender is a permanent characteristic, and it usually develops in children by the time they are 6 or 7 years old, is referred to as .

Accepted Answer

A)  gender typing 
B)  gender constancy 
C)  gender fixedness 
D)  gender identity

Question 3

Mia is having trouble with the concept of "odd and even numbers." Her teacher helps Mia by getting her to count to 10. The teacher notes that she started with an odd number (1), then went to an even number (2), and then alternated, odd, even, odd, even until she hit the number 10. Mia finally gets it. According to Vygotsky and his work on social context, Mia understood because the teacher moved Mia into

Accepted Answer

A)  the next theory of mind. 
B)  a higher level of working memory. 
C)  the zone of proximal development. 
D)  the stage of concrete operations. 
E)  the period of autonomy.

Question 4

Paulo is 5 years old. His older brother likes to fool him when they are drinking juice-he pours Paulo's juice into a tall, thin glass so that Paulo thinks he is getting more. This deception reflects Piaget's concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium 
B)  assimilation 
C)  conservation 
D)  accommodation 
E)  object permanence

Question 5

According to John Bowlby, the first attachment phase that a newborn infant goes through is the indiscriminate attachment behaviour phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Upon enrolling their children in a developmental preschool, parents are asked to participate in a study where they will be contacted every two years for the next ten years and asked to complete a quality of education survey. If they agree, parents will be participating in a research study.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross sectional 
B)  double-blind experimental 
C)  sequential 
D)  longitudinal

Question 7

Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's quite old and his information processing abilities are starting to decline. While he might show some deficits, which of the following should she be LEAST concerned about?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial memory 
B)  ability to remember new factual information 
C)  perceptual speed 
D)  episodic memory 
E)  recall of facts

Question 8

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis and appears unconcerned about identity issues. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

Accepted Answer

A)  identity achievement 
B)  role confusion 
C)  identity diffusion 
D)  foreclosure 
E)  moratorium

Question 9

According to developmental psychologist James Marcia, adolescents in the identity diffusion stage are currently dealing with an identity crisis but have not yet successfully resolved it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is FALSE regarding information processing and aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction time declines as we get older. 
B)  Memory for new factual information declines during adulthood. 
C)  Recognition declines more strongly than recall. 
D)  Verbal memory for meaningful sentences declines more slowly than for unrelated words. 
E)  Spatial memory declines with age.

Question 11

Which of the following lists the three stages of prenatal development in the proper order (from earliest to latest)?

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal, germinal, and embryonic 
B)  germinal, fetal, and embryonic 
C)  germinal, embryonic, and fetal 
D)  embryonic, germinal, and fetal

Question 12

Juan (a six-year old) is not able to solve a conservation problem on his own. But when his teacher explains the solution to him, he understands and can solve these problems. According to Vygotsky, the teacher was able to move Juan forward due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an information search strategy 
B)  an increase in working memory 
C)  Juan's age 
D)  the abstract explanation offered by the teacher 
E)  the zone of proximal development

Question 13

Based on the results of studies examining parenting and marital satisfaction, during which of the following times would you predict that marital satisfaction would be highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the child is 16 years old 
B)  the year after the child has left home for college 
C)  the year after the birth of the first child 
D)  when the child is 8 years old

Question 14

Infants often show distress at being separated from their primary caregiver:

Accepted Answer

A)  around 7-8 months because by then they have a strong attachment to their primary caregiver 
B)  around 4-6 months of age when they develop a sense of self-awareness 
C)  immediately after birth as they have become attached in utero to their mother 
D)  around 2-3 months of age before they have developed adequate schemas for strangers and nonstrangers

Question 15

In the longitudinal research design, the researcher:

Accepted Answer

A)  tests the same cohort as it grows older. 
B)  repeatedly tests several cohorts as they grow older. 
C)  compares individuals of different ages at the same point in time. 
D)  follows the same individual, studying the person in depth over time.

Question 16

All of the following would be considered examples of fluid intelligence EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  mentally rotating an object. 
B)  memory of an anniversary date. 
C)  abstract reasoning. 
D)  solving a logic problem.

Question 17

Which of the following would you expect to see in an adult, progressing from middle to late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction time or perceptual speed would tend to remain relatively constant. 
B)  Memory for new information would tend to increase slightly or remain the same. 
C)  Memory for recall information would decline faster than recognition memory. 
D)  The ability to repeat just heard, unrelated, single words would decrease more slowly than the ability to repeat a sentence.

Question 18

Of Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles, the authoritarian parenting style is associated with the least positive child outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Though he previously showed no problems with strangers, little Joey has become more apprehensive around them when he's upset, and he frequently is inconsolable until his mother or father picks him up. Bowlby would most likely classify Joey as being in the ________ attachment behaviour phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit 
B)  precise 
C)  definitive 
D)  specific

Question 20

Michael is playing ball with his father when the ball rolls under the sofa. Michael turns his attention to another toy, not even attempting to look under the sofa for the ball. Piaget would say that Michael has:

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong attachment to his father 
B)  a limited attention span 
C)  not yet developed object permanence 
D)  not yet developed the ability to conserve

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized on the basis of:

The understanding that gender is a permanent characteristic, and it usually develops in children by the time they are 6 or 7 years old, is referred to as .

Paulo is 5 years old. His older brother likes to fool him when they are drinking juice-he pours Paulo's juice into a tall, thin glass so that Paulo thinks he is getting more. This deception reflects Piaget's concept of

According to John Bowlby, the first attachment phase that a newborn infant goes through is the indiscriminate attachment behaviour phase.

Upon enrolling their children in a developmental preschool, parents are asked to participate in a study where they will be contacted every two years for the next ten years and asked to complete a quality of education survey. If they agree, parents will be participating in a research study.

Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's quite old and his information processing abilities are starting to decline. While he might show some deficits, which of the following should she be LEAST concerned about?

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis and appears unconcerned about identity issues. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

According to developmental psychologist James Marcia, adolescents in the identity diffusion stage are currently dealing with an identity crisis but have not yet successfully resolved it.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding information processing and aging?

Which of the following lists the three stages of prenatal development in the proper order (from earliest to latest) ?

Juan (a six-year old) is not able to solve a conservation problem on his own. But when his teacher explains the solution to him, he understands and can solve these problems. According to Vygotsky, the teacher was able to move Juan forward due to

Based on the results of studies examining parenting and marital satisfaction, during which of the following times would you predict that marital satisfaction would be highest?

Infants often show distress at being separated from their primary caregiver:

In the longitudinal research design, the researcher:

All of the following would be considered examples of fluid intelligence EXCEPT:

Which of the following would you expect to see in an adult, progressing from middle to late adulthood?

Of Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles, the authoritarian parenting style is associated with the least positive child outcomes.

Though he previously showed no problems with strangers, little Joey has become more apprehensive around them when he's upset, and he frequently is inconsolable until his mother or father picks him up. Bowlby would most likely classify Joey as being in the ________ attachment behaviour phase.

Michael is playing ball with his father when the ball rolls under the sofa. Michael turns his attention to another toy, not even attempting to look under the sofa for the ball. Piaget would say that Michael has: