Question 1

Arnett examined what it takes to become an adult. He found that regardless of age group, the most important quality associated with adulthood was:

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism. 
B)  family capacities. 
C)  legal/chronological transitions. 
D)  biological capacities.

Question 2

A study found that children over age 3 who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed better on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings. This is consistent with the concept of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversibility 
B)  animism 
C)  the zone of proximal development 
D)  egocentrism

Question 3

A graduate student decides to replicate the famous Harlow experiment with infant monkeys. The monkeys are isolated from birth and are raised with either a cloth surrogate mother or a wire surrogate mother that provides nourishment. The student predicts that the infant monkeys will be attached to the cloth surrogate mother. This prediction is based on the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger anxiety. 
B)  separation anxiety. 
C)  discriminate attachment. 
D)  a stable food provider. 
E)  contact comfort.

Question 4

In developmental research, cohort effects may confound any changes due to age, contributing to a problem with any research design except designs.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  sequential 
C)  qualitative 
D)  cross-sectional

Question 5

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child is distressed when she leaves, calmed when she returns. According to Ainsworth, this child is

Accepted Answer

A)  disoriented 
B)  anxious-avoidant 
C)  securely attached 
D)  anxious-resistant 
E)  disorganized

Question 6

Abby is three years-old. Abby and her mother meet friends for lunch at a neighbourhood coffee shop. In the coffee shop the owner has designated a children's play area, in which there are many toy trucks, cars, and several dolls to play with. Research on the development of sex-typing indicates that Abby most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  will play with a doll, because there are more of them than cars 
B)  will play with a doll, because she believes it to be a girl's toy 
C)  will play with a toy car because she does not have one at home 
D)  will play with all of the toys equally

Question 7

According to Piaget, young children who show egocentrism are in the

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational stage. 
B)  sensorimotor stage. 
C)  post-formal stage. 
D)  formal operational stage. 
E)  preoperational stage.

Question 8

The principle of proximodistal development is consistent with all of the following observations EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  an infant can control his shoulder before he can control his arm. 
B)  an infant can control his leg before he can control his toes. 
C)  an infant can control his hand before he can control his arm. 
D)  an infant can control his foot before he can control his toes.

Question 9

During this stage of cognitive development, children are able to easily solve the conservation problems that confused them earlier in life. This is the stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational

Question 10

It has been found that the presence of the on axons increases their speed.

Accepted Answer

A)  gray matter 
B)  white matter 
C)  dendrites 
D)  myelin sheath

Question 11

Mrs. Lee has just found out that she has stage 4 cancer and will probably not live for another year. She really wants to see her new grandchild who will be born in 5 months and would be willing to give up any additional time if she can just make it that long. According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death, Mrs. Lee is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  acceptance 
B)  bargaining 
C)  depression 
D)  denial 
E)  anger

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  children's thinking displays egocentrism 
B)  the concept of conservation develops 
C)  the concept of object permanence develops 
D)  children's thinking becomes abstract

Question 13

Jean Piaget defined an organized pattern of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex 
B)  mental representation 
C)  schema 
D)  norm

Question 14

You suspect that a young child is in Piaget's formal operational stage. Which of the following would you look for to confirm your suspicion?

Accepted Answer

A)  failure with the three-mountain problem 
B)  the ability to think abstractly and form hypotheses 
C)  a lack of object permanence 
D)  success at a conservation task 
E)  evidence of proximal development

Question 15

Which of the following lists the correct order of progression for Donald Super's vocational stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth, establishment, exploration, maintenance, and decline 
B)  growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline 
C)  exploration, growth, maintenance, establishment, and decline 
D)  exploration, growth, establishment, maintenance, and decline

Question 16

All of the following are characteristic of the cognitive development that occurs during adolescence EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents are not particularly self-focused in their thinking. 
B)  Adolescents are more systematic in their problem solving. 
C)  Adolescents have better abstract and hypothetical reasoning skills. 
D)  Adolescents are more flexible and creative in their thinking.

Question 17

A young girl driving past a farm sees a cow and says, "doggie!" Her older brother, who used to do the same thing when he was her age, informs her that this isn't a dog but is actually a cow. In fitting the cow into a pre-existing schema, the sister shows that she is using the process of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  adjustment 
B)  assimilation 
C)  adaptation 
D)  accommodation

Question 18

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli. 
B)  Infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns. 
C)  Infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on her hairline) to a stranger's face. 
D)  Infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli.

Question 19

The tendency for some species of birds and mammals to follow and attach to the first thing that moves after they are born is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixating. 
B)  reflex attachment. 
C)  encoding. 
D)  imprinting.

Question 20

A teenager who says to herself that nobody else could possibly comprehend the struggles and difficulties she has been through is best demonstrating one of the two presumed parts of adolescent egocentrism called:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender identity 
B)  the imaginary audience 
C)  the personal fable 
D)  egocentrism

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan