Question 1

Which of the following describes theories that assume cognitive abilities are acquired gradually, with each new accomplishment building directly on those that came before it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's cognitive stage theory 
B)  domain-general cognitive development theory 
C) domain-specific cognitive development theory 
D)  continuous development theories

Question 2

In the 1950s and 1960s, grouping in the classroom was widely practiced. Then came a period in which grouping was always wrong and an injustice. Today, many educators believe that grouping can be helpful if it is used selectively and in limited and flexible ways. This is an example of what type of thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  schematic 
B)  dialectical 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  formal operational

Question 3

Any relatively permanent change occurring due to biological aging, regardless of personal experience is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  maturation 
C)  canalization 
D)  fixation

Question 4

The range between a child's level of independent performance and the level of performance a child can reach with expert guidance.

Accepted Answer

A)  internalization 
B)  assimilation 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  zone of proximal development

Question 5

A four-month old is gazing at a toy. When you hide the toy behind your back, the infant acts as though the toy never existed. The four-month old has yet to grasp which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  assimilation 
C)  canalization 
D)  object permanence

Question 6

Michael is one-year old. Piaget would expect Michael to be in which of the four stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  concrete sensory

Question 7

According to this theorist, cognitive development is largely from the outside, inward.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vygotsky 
B)  Freud 
C)  Carlin 
D)  Piaget

Question 8

A memory strategy in which a person, either mentally or aloud, recites information over and over again in order to remember it.

Accepted Answer

A)  recitation 
B)  rehearsal 
C)  internalization 
D)  canalization

Question 9

Nikki sees a Dalmatian for the first time, and realizes it is a dog. Which cognitive mechanism would Piaget say Nikki is using?

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration 
B)  disequilibration 
C)  accommodation 
D)  assimilation

Question 10

Mental patterns of organization that influence our ways of dealing with the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive abilities 
B)  mental structures 
C)  cognitive structures 
D)  continuous structures

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a neo-Piagetian approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  proposal of alternative sets of stages 
B)  proposal of horizontal décalage, the temporary difference in levels of performance 
C)  proposal of one or more stages beyond the original four 
D)  proposal of a distinction between optimal and typical levels of performance

Question 12

The behavioral theory of language acquisition emphasizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture 
B)  nature 
C)  language acquisition device 
D)  linguistic determinism

Question 13

The structure of our language shapes our thought processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic determinism 
B)  horizontal décalage 
C)  linguistic relativity 
D)  representational thought

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key concepts that describe specific mechanisms of Piaget's cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  equilibration 
C)  canalization 
D)  assimilation

Question 15

An example of a second-order relation is this question: In what ways that a cat and dog are alike are a robin and sparrow also alike?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The recognition that even when the physical appearance of something changes, its underlying quantity remains the same.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism 
B)  accommodation 
C)  equilibration 
D)  conservation

Question 17

Individuals in this Piagetian stage can think about the reversibility of abstract ideas such as freedom (granting it and taking it away).

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a line of evidence demonstrating the importance of scaffolding for cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral scaffolding adequate for a child's development are significantly associated with subsequent outcomes of cognitive development. 
B)  Scaffolding is a crucial part in planning intervention. 
C)  Studies of the long-term effects of intervention indicate that without adequate duration of a program and without adequate scaffolding after the program, cognitive gains tend to disappear. 
D)  Scaffolding has been shown to be paramount in developing schematic internalizations.

Question 19

Benjamin is taking a test where he is given problems to solve with no feedback about his performance. Benjamin is in which type of testing situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  static assessment 
B)  static scaffolding 
C)  dynamic assessment 
D)  dynamic scaffolding

Question 20

The changes in mental skills that occur through increasing maturity and experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  maturation 
C)  canalization development 
D)  cognitive development

Exam 2: The Development of Cognitive, Learning, and Language Skills