Question 1

Which of the following best accounts for why children who engage in play with more skilled partners become more proficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerated development of the theory of mind module 
B)  availability of guided participation 
C)  accelerated development of context-independent learning 
D)  availability for opportunities for deferred imitation

Question 2

How does Case explain the Piagetian processes of assimilation and accommodation? How has his perspective expanded our understanding of Piaget's model of development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Case explain the Piagetian processes...

Question 3

Four-year-old Hope thought her next-door neighbour's new pet rabbit was a kitten until she realized that it hopped instead of walked and it didn't purr at all.How would Piaget explain Hope's understanding of her neighbour's pet?

Accepted Answer

A)  She used assimilation. 
B)  She failed to use accommodation. 
C)  She failed to use centration. 
D)  She used accommodation.

Question 4

Derek is playing with a ball when it rolls under the couch.Even though he cannot see where the ball went,Derek immediately starts to search for it.According to Piaget,what accounts for Derek's behaviour in response to this event?

Accepted Answer

A)  He has not yet mastered object permanence. 
B)  He has not yet mastered conservation. 
C)  He has mastered the concept of conservation. 
D)  He has mastered the concept of object permanence.

Question 5

Which Piagetian principle is a young child demonstrating when he or she discovers that changing the shape of an object does not necessarily change its mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  centration 
B)  accommodation 
C)  assimilation 
D)  conservation

Question 6

Four-year-old Brittany mistakes her next-door neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten.How would Piaget explain Brittany's error?

Accepted Answer

A)  She used accommodation. 
B)  She used assimilation. 
C)  She failed to use object permanence. 
D)  She failed to use conservation.

Question 7

Identify two types of logical reasoning that distinguish formal-operational thought from concrete-operational thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify two types of logical reasoning that...

Question 8

Destiny is trying to put her books onto her new bookshelves,but she is having trouble deciding how to best group them.She knows she could put all of her picture books together and all of her harder-to-read books together,or she could put all of her books about horses together,even though some books about horses are picture books and others are harder.Based on this information,what cognitive operation is Destiny beginning to understand?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  relational logic 
C)  classification 
D)  seriation

Question 9

Which statement best summarizes the results of Lisa Freund's studies of children's performance on a sorting task when they were allowed to practise with and without their mothers' assistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who practised the task with their mothers showed decreased performance at test under all conditions. 
B)  Children who practised with their mothers showed increased performance at test under all conditions. 
C)  Regardless of whether they practised the task with their mothers, children whose mothers were not present at test showed increased performance due to decreased maternal interference. 
D)  Regardless of whether they practised the task with their mothers, children whose mothers were present at test showed decreased performance due to increased maternal interference.

Question 10

Sylvia is playing with a small stuffed dog when it falls and rolls under her crib.She does not seem particularly distressed,and she does not search for the lost toy.According to Piaget,what accounts for Sylvia's behaviour in response to this event?

Accepted Answer

A)  She has mastered object permanence. 
B)  She has not yet mastered conservation. 
C)  She has not yet mastered object permanence. 
D)  She has mastered the concept of conservation.

Question 11

What did Piaget call the process of changing or modifying existing schemes in order to make sense of new experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  centration 
C)  accommodation 
D)  conservation

Question 12

Gerald's dad is upset over some bad news and he starts to cry.Five-year-old Gerald quickly brings over his favourite teddy bear for his dad to hold,and tells his dad that he will feel better if he hugs "teddy." What Piagetian concept does this child-parent interaction illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  animistic reasoning 
B)  egocentrism 
C)  transductive reasoning 
D)  accommodation

Question 13

In comparing Vygotsky's and Piaget's views of cognitive development,which statement would be most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vygotsky believed the course of intellectual growth was more universal than Piaget assumed, but the content of intellectual growth was more variable than Piaget assumed. 
B)  Vygotsky believed both the course and the content of intellectual growth were more universal than Piaget assumed. 
C)  Vygotsky believed neither the course nor the content of intellectual growth was as universal as Piaget assumed. 
D)  Vygotsky believed the course of intellectual growth was more variable than Piaget assumed, but the content of intellectual growth was more universal than Piaget assumed.

Question 14

Suppose that an adolescent does very well on the pendulum problem but has great difficulty with other formal operational tasks.Is this performance typical of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A)  no, it is very unusual in adolescents of all ages and ability levels 
B)  no, it is very unusual and is indicative that the adolescent has a general developmental delay in cognitive functions 
C)  yes, is quite common if this adolescent is still in the process of completing pubertal maturation 
D)  yes, it is quite common for both adolescents and many adults regardless of age or maturational processes

Question 15

Michelle is an 8-year-old who shows an understanding of seriation,class-inclusion,and conservation of number and amount but fails to understand other types of conservation problems.According to Piaget,what is the term for this behaviour and what does it indicate about Michelle's cognitive development relative to the average child?

Accepted Answer

A)  perpendicular décalage, indicating that she is advanced 
B)  horizontal décalage, indicating that she is within the normative range 
C)  perpendicular décalage, indicating that she is somewhat delayed 
D)  horizontal décalage, indicating that she is severely cognitively disabled

Question 16

During the concrete operational stage,children show the ability to solve conservation problems.Explain what a conservation problem is,and identify two cognitive operations that aid in solving this type of problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the concrete operational stage,children show the...

Question 17

According to the research of Baron-Cohen and colleagues,even children with autistic disorder are likely to show the development of which mental process?

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind module 
B)  shared attention mechanism module 
C)  eye-gaze direction detector 
D)  intentionality detector

Question 18

Which statement best summarizes the research findings regarding the behavioural outcome of children who engage in a great deal of pretend play during the preschool?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more reclusive and less popular. 
B)  They are more curious and creative. 
C)  They are less likely to form healthy friendships. 
D)  They are less able to distinguish between appearance and reality.

Question 19

Suppose that you are a Grade 1 teacher and notice that many of the children in your class sometimes talk aloud to themselves when they do arithmetic or other schoolwork.You wonder whether you should discourage these mutterings.Discuss how these mutterings might be viewed from Vygotsky's viewpoint and in light of recent research findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that you are a Grade 1...

Question 20

In DeLoache's original studies on the use of scale models,why did toddlers perform poorly?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have poor memory abilities. 
B)  They did not attend to where the toy was hidden. 
C)  The delay between showing them the model and going into the room was too long. 
D)  They could not understand that the model was a representation of the real room.

Exam 8: Cognitive Development