Question 1

According to Piaget,when does the formal operational period of development occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  from birth through to age 2 
B)  from age 2 through to age 7 
C)  from age 7 through to age 11 
D)  from age 11 through adulthood

Question 2

What do researchers mean when they describe play as a "serious business"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Play is not as much fun for children as it appears to an adult observer. 
B)  Unsupervised play has serious negative outcomes for intellectual and social development and should be discouraged. 
C)  Play has significant positive effects on a child's social and intellectual development and should be encouraged. 
D)  All children's play should be directed and controlled by adults.

Question 3

Mastering which cognitive process is the hallmark achievement of the concrete operational period?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  permanent transitivity 
C)  centration 
D)  abstract reasoning

Question 4

DeLoache found that the age at which children were able to successfully perform her scale-model task was dependent on which of the following experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were shown the real room first. 
B)  They paid more attention to the real room. 
C)  The delay between showing them the model and going into the real room was lengthened. 
D)  They were shown a photograph of the room.

Question 5

Discuss the four levels of investigation that Vygotsky believed should be used to evaluate human development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the four levels of investigation that...

Question 6

Which statement describes cognitive behaviour in the sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals can understand the concept of reversibility. 
B)  Schemes revolve primarily around sensory and motor capabilities. 
C)  Mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world. 
D)  Individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions.

Question 7

Do recent research findings regarding the acquisition of concrete-operational tasks support the developmental sequence proposed by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes, because they emerge in a consistent, fixed order 
B)  no, because they emerge in a consistent, fixed order 
C)  yes because they emerge in a variable order 
D)  no, because they emerge in a variable order

Question 8

How did Robbie Case view Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  as dependent on scaffolding 
B)  as dependent on a zone of proximal development 
C)  as imitation and memory 
D)  as consolidation and automatization

Question 9

According to Robbie Case,through which processes does accommodation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploration and problem solving 
B)  consolidation and automatization 
C)  consolidation and assimilation 
D)  exploration and automatization

Question 10

In an observational study by Pratt and colleagues,greater parental support was offered when the children experienced failure at solving problems.How would Vygotsky account for the parent's response?

Accepted Answer

A)  She or he used collaboration. 
B)  She or he used zones of equilibration. 
C)  She or he used scaffolding. 
D)  She or he used internalization.

Question 11

According to Piaget,which period of development occurs from the age of 11 through adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  formal operational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 12

Which statement best characterizes an individual's understanding of beliefs and desires when he or she has acquired a theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beliefs and desires are different mental states, and either or both can influence a person's conduct. 
B)  Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are concordant with that person's desires. 
C)  Beliefs influence an individual's conduct only when they are discordant with that person's desires. 
D)  Desires are generally more important than beliefs in determining an individual's behaviour.

Question 13

Which of the following abilities defines the term dual representation?

Accepted Answer

A)  representing an object simultaneously as an object itself and as a representation of something else 
B)  switching between precausal and transductive reasoning when problem solving 
C)  representing objects in three-dimensional space that have previously been experienced in two-dimensional space 
D)  using transductive reasoning to represent objects in three-dimensional space

Question 14

According to current research findings,many of Piaget's specific assertions regarding human development have received little empirical support.Given these considerations,how should a modern developmentalist regard Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  He or she should reject all of Piaget's theory and relegate it to the history books. 
B)  He or she should ignore the current research. 
C)  He or she should continue to seek confirmation of Piaget's theory. 
D)  He or she should accept Piaget's theory as a detailed description of cognitive development.

Question 15

According to Piaget,the development of which of the following is the hallmark characteristic of successful completion of the sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence 
B)  symbolic abstraction 
C)  decentration 
D)  conservation

Question 16

Describe the main components of a theory of mind,according to Baron-Cohen.How do these components relate to the symptoms of autistic disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main components of a theory...

Question 17

In contrast to Piaget,what was the focus of Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-directed nature of cognitive growth 
B)  the sociocultural context in which cognitive growth occurs 
C)  the role of memory and strategy selection in cognitive growth 
D)  the biological maturation necessary for cognitive growth

Question 18

Hala and Chandler found that children between the ages of 3 and 5 years delight in "deceiving" a second player in a treasure-search game by destroying evidence of the location of the treasure or laying down false trails.Do these results support Piaget's claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  no, preoperational children are incapable of perspective taking. 
B)  yes, preoperational children are incapable of perspective taking. 
C)  no, a full understanding of perspective taking emerges during the formal operational stage. 
D)  yes, perspective taking first emerges during the sensorimotor period.

Question 19

Some adults fail to solve formal-operational problems.Which statement best summarizes the research findings for why this may occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  He or she is below average in intelligence or developmentally delayed. 
B)  He or she lacks the ability for abstract thinking. 
C)  He or she may lack experience with the content of that particular type of problem. 
D)  He or she lacks all ability for formal-operational thinking.

Question 20

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of the development of cognition from the Piagetian,neo-Piagetian,and Vygotskian perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how the four central developmental themes...

Exam 8: Cognitive Development