Question 1

List and describe the four goals of psychology and the questions about behavior each answers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the four goals of...

Question 2

Conlon and his colleagues conducted an experiment and found that goal-focused individuals lost more weight than did either achievement-focused or no-focus control individuals.These researchers also found that goal-focused individuals were more committed to reaching their goal weights.They interpreted their results as consistent with the findings of other studies on motivation and relevant to the design of health intervention programs.At this point in their research, Conlon and his associates are

Accepted Answer

A)  proposing a hypothesis. 
B)  hypothesis testing. 
C)  operationally defining terms. 
D)  theory building.

Question 3

The first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany was set up in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  break down conscious experiences, such as sensations. 
B)  study how the use of reinforcement and punishment alter behaviors. 
C)  understand the unconscious conflicts individuals experience. 
D)  understand how language and intelligence develop.

Question 4

Expensive commercial courses have long been promoted to teach people to walk barefoot on hot coals through a technique called "neurolinguistic programming." Physicist Bernard Leikind was able to show that anyone with reasonably callused feet can walk over a bed of coals because he

Accepted Answer

A)  ​conducted a large scale survey to determine the extent of firewalking and how people accomplished this feat. 
B)  conducted case studies of various circus performers who routinely walked on hot coals. 
C)  ​performed a correlation study regarding the thickness of the skin on the sole of the foot to the person's ability to walk on hot coals. 
D)  provided a comparison group made up of volunteers who walked on the coals with no training.

Question 5

In a survey conducted on October 26, researchers find that 55 percent of the registered voters favor the passage of the school bond issue.These survey results illustrate which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  prediction 
C)  understanding 
D)  control

Question 6

In 1901, a student of Wundt, discovered what he called imageless thought.This student was

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Karl Marbe. 
B)  ​Max Wertheimer. 
C)  ​Otto Rank. 
D)  ​Ivan Pavlov.

Question 7

Unlike psychology, superstitions change little over time because their followers succumb to

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection and experiential processing. 
B)  ​the observer effect and observer bias. 
C)  uncritical acceptance and the confirmation bias. 
D)  ​falsification and theanthropomorphic error.

Question 8

Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gestalt psychology 
B)  behaviorism 
C)  structuralism 
D)  functionalism

Question 9

Which school of thought emphasizes that the psychological needs for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, creativity, and spirituality are just as important as the biological needs for food and water?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  cognitive 
C)  humanism 
D)  psychodynamic

Question 10

The psychological goal of understanding behavior is achieved when

Accepted Answer

A)  control over behavior is made possible. 
B)  a careful description of behavior is made. 
C)  psychologists can explain why a behavioral phenomenon occurs. 
D)  empirical evidence is obtained.

Question 11

If you want to determine whether there is a causal relationship between using the SQ4R study method and final grades in a psychology course, you should use

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  the experimental method. 
C)  the survey method. 
D)  a correlational study.

Question 12

After a football game, several well-respected citizens of this town participate in tearing down the goal posts.This behavior that occurs in groups would be of primary interest to __________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative 
B)  developmental 
C)  social 
D)  community

Question 13

Emil is a sports psychologist who is finding ways to improve the performance of the athletes who are his clients.Research conducted by Emil would be considered __________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  applied 
B)  basic 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  comparative

Question 14

You frequently visit a particular website because it offers free streaming videos.Your psychology professor explains that you are not only rewarded by the pleasure of watching interesting videos each time you go to the site, but you also expect to find free videos at the site.This explanation best fits which psychological viewpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic psychology 
B)  Gestalt psychology 
C)  cognitive behaviorism 
D)  psychoanalysis

Question 15

Scientific observation is based on the

Accepted Answer

A)  gathering of introspective data. 
B)  utilization of personal, subjective data. 
C)  utilization of common sense theories and everyday personal experiences. 
D)  gathering of empirical evidence.

Question 16

Large numbers of astrology books and computer programs to chart one's "correct" astrological sign are sold to the public each year.Explain why astrology can be considered a type of superstition rather than a valid science and why so many people still continue to follow this superstitious belief system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large numbers of astrology books and computer...

Question 17

The four goals of psychology are to describe, predict, understand, and __________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The four goals of psychology are to...

Question 18

The conditions that a researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the outcome of the experiment are the __________variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  control

Question 19

Learning makes us more adaptable, so the functionalists tried to find ways to improve education and promoted the study of learning, teaching, classroom dynamics, and related topics called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  community 
B)  forensic 
C)  comparative 
D)  educational

Question 20

Today, most humanistic psychologists

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that people's behaviors are determined by forces beyond their control. 
B)  believe that people are ruled by unconscious forces. 
C)  still treat psychology as a philosophy rather than a science. 
D)  do research to test their ideas just as other psychologists do.

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science