Question 1

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases the other

Accepted Answer

A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  remains constant. 
D)  increases then decreases.

Question 2

A psychologist notes an association between the IQs of parents and their children, or between beauty and social popularity, or between anxiety and test performance.In each case, two events are correlated, which means

Accepted Answer

A)  both events are randomly occurring. 
B)  both events are really unrelated. 
C)  one event caused the other. 
D)  the events are linked together in an orderly way.

Question 3

Because we are often tempted to accept commonsense beliefs, urban legends, and even outrageous claims about the powers of "healing" crystals and "miraculous" herbal remedies, it is important that we learn to think

Accepted Answer

A)  concretely. 
B)  divergently. 
C)  convergently. 
D)  critically.

Question 4

The first fully developed psychotherapy or "talking cure" was

Accepted Answer

A)  transactional analysis. 
B)  psychoanalysis. 
C)  logotherapy. 
D)  client-centered therapy.

Question 5

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic------------------positive, philosophical view 
B)  psychodynamic------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view 
C)  behaviorist-----------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view 
D)  cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 6

Covert behavior involves

Accepted Answer

A)  anything a person does. 
B)  only those things a person does, which another person can see. 
C)  only those things, which can be recorded by a camera. 
D)  hidden, private, and internal thoughts.

Question 7

Inez Beverly Prosser is best known

Accepted Answer

A)  for writing the first American psychology textbook. 
B)  as the first African-American female to be awarded a Ph.D.in 1933. 
C)  as the first woman President of the American Psychological Association. 
D)  as a comparative psychologist, who wrote an influential book on animal behavior, titled The Animal Mind.

Question 8

Animals are used in psychological research because

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologists are interested in the behavior of all living creatures. 
B)  animal models of behavior can often be applied to human behavior. 
C)  the study of animals can benefit both animals and humans. 
D)  all of these reasons apply.

Question 9

Which type of psychologist tends to treat milder problems, such as problems at work or school, rather than severe psychotic disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical 
B)  counseling 
C)  comparative 
D)  social

Question 10

Meridian Community College has a total of 4,000 students.One hundred of these students are surveyed about the programs offered at the college.These 100 students surveyed would constitute the

Accepted Answer

A)  population. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  control group. 
D)  independent group.

Question 11

Dr.Morrow is using a statistical technique to combine the results of hundreds of studies that have been conducted on gender differences in risk taking.Dr.Morrow is using __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Morrow is using a statistical technique to...

Question 12

Psychology became a science in 1879 when psychologists began to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid deductive thinking. 
B)  understand the relationship between humans and animals. 
C)  use machines to record the behaviors of organisms. 
D)  make systematic observations and measurements.

Question 13

The functionalists were interested in how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and habits help people and animals

Accepted Answer

A)  form meaningful Gestalts. 
B)  introspect and experience the phi phenomenon. 
C)  adapt to their environment. 
D)  form connections between stimuli and responses.

Question 14

Kevin is a law student, who reads an advertisement for a sleep-learning device that claims to have helped a law student pass the state bar exam.Kevin should

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately order this device because the correlation is evidence of the device causing the law student to pass the bar. 
B)  immediately order this device because a correct inference can be made from this observation. 
C)  order the device because systematic research has shown that these devices really work. 
D)  not order the device because an individual case tells nothing about what is true in general.

Question 15

The best definition of a variable is that it is the part of an experiment that

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled. 
B)  can change. 
C)  always stays the same. 
D)  is always a behavior in psychology.

Question 16

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the three broad perspectives that shape modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  therapeutic 
C)  psychological 
D)  sociocultural

Question 17

Suppose you want to find out if using smart glasses while driving a car affects the likelihood of having an accident.The group that would take the driving test while using the smart glasses would be the __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent 
B)  independent 
C)  experimental 
D)  control

Question 18

An industrial-organizational psychologist conducts an experiment to determine whether having control over difficult tasks reduces stress for game designers and finds this explanation to be true.Drawing on the results of similar experiments, this psychologist explains these overall findings by creating a

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis. 
B)  testable observation. 
C)  theory. 
D)  law.

Question 19

Dr.Darius subtly and unknowingly communicated her expectations to her subjects, which resulted in her subjects behaving in ways that made her expectations come true, a phenomenon known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  Barnum effect. 
B)  actor-observer effect. 
C)  anthropomorphic error. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 20

In an experiment to test whether teaching a new memory strategy will improve students' test scores, student characteristics, such as motivation, are controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  interviewing each student concerning their motivation in the class. 
B)  giving each student a personality test. 
C)  randomly assigning students to the two groups. 
D)  interviewing the teachers concerning each of the students.

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science