Question 1

Agent-based modeling is useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding the conditions under which cultures develop. 
B)  measuring how agentic a culture is. 
C)  measuring the closeness of agents to their base culture. 
D)  employing cultural priming. 
E)  collecting physiological data.

Question 2

You find that people's responses tend to gather toward the center of your scale.This phenomenon is known as the ________ bias.This bias tends to be shown more by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquiescence; people from East Asian cultures 
B)  moderacy; people from North American cultures 
C)  moderacy; people from East Asian cultures 
D)  acquiescence; people from honor cultures 
E)  extremity; people from honor cultures

Question 3

Which of the following is one problem especially associated with studies using WEIRD samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers cannot use effective independent variables. 
B)  It is difficult to find powerful dependent variables. 
C)  They are very difficult to unpackage. 
D)  They have very low generalizability. 
E)  They make it especially impractical to use multiple methods.

Question 4

Explain whether cross-cultural comparisons of the magnitude of means or cross-cultural comparisons of patterns of means is better for cross-cultural comparison, and why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain whether cross-cultural comparisons of the magnitude...

Question 5

Create a six-item questionnaire about "happiness" designed such that it counters the acquiescence bias.Then, discuss how you would analyze the data to make it less susceptible to the extremity bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Create a six-item questionnaire about "happiness" designed...

Question 6

In Culture A, people are known to be talkative.In Culture B, they are known to be very quiet.Yet when Reggie gives out questionnaires, he finds that those from Culture A are more likely than those from Culture B to agree with the statement."I don't talk that much." What is a plausible explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  politeness bias 
B)  reference group effect 
C)  extremity bias 
D)  social desirability bias 
E)  counting bias

Question 7

A group of researchers wants to learn about the characteristics of home-cooking recipes in Culture X.What is this type of method an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  within-groups manipulation 
B)  between-groups manipulation 
C)  culture-level measuring 
D)  situation sampling 
E)  cultural priming

Question 8

Dr.G is conducting a study to see whether people can be made to think of themselves in independent versus interdependent ways.Using college students from two different cultures as participants, she had people think about how they are similar to family and friends or how they are different from them.Dr.G then measured how much they believe in traditional Chinese values.This study employs a ________ manipulation, and the way people are made to think about themselves is classified as a(n) ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-groups; independent 
B)  between-groups; dependent 
C)  within-groups; independent 
D)  within-groups; dependent 
E)  within-groups; measured

Question 9

Leticia is concerned about having acquiescence bias in a survey she is giving to a group of participants.To reduce this bias, she might include which pair of items?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I support raising taxes" and "I support lowering taxes." 
B)  "What is your bias?" and "Why might you acquiesce?" 
C)  "I like pizza" and "I like burgers." 
D)  "I am similar to my friend" and "My friend is similar to me." 
E)  "I often give in during arguments with family" and "I often give in during arguments with friends."

Question 10

Abdul wants to study the culture of honor in the Southern versus Northern United States.He wants to see how fighting is portrayed in children's books from the two regions.He should

Accepted Answer

A)  keep the coders blind to whether the book is written by a northerner or southerner. 
B)  not tell the coders his definition of violence. 
C)  not tell the coders he is interested in examining violence. 
D)  misdirect the coders by telling them he expects northern books to show more violence. 
E)  train the coders by having them read Nisbett and Cohen's collective studies on the culture of honor.

Question 11

Janae is interested in looking at cultural differences in how Mexicans and Americans respond to criticism from authority figures.She is considering using an experimental design instead of a survey.One advantage for Janae in using an experiment is that experimental methods

Accepted Answer

A)  allow her to manipulate cultural background. 
B)  allow her to randomly assign people to different conditions and thus make firmer inferences about causality. 
C)  allow her to use random sampling of the population and avoid various response biases. 
D)  avoid response biases by focusing on comparing the magnitude of means between cultures. 
E)  are more easily understood than survey methods.

Question 12

Steven is a new English-speaking cultural psychologist who only uses questionnaires.He wants to establish methodological equivalence when studying cultural differences in happiness between rural Nigerians and urban South Koreans.To do that, he will likely

Accepted Answer

A)  use only questions that can be answered as true or false. 
B)  translate his questionnaires from English into the languages spoken in the target countries. 
C)  use statistical techniques to see if participants from the two cultures understand the questions in the same way. 
D)  ensure that participants from both countries answer the questionnaires in English. 
E)  reverse-code half of the items on his questionnaires.

Question 13

Dr.H wants to unpackage the cultural difference between Japanese and American horror movies.What is Dr.H trying to find out?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japanese and American opinions about Japanese and American horror movies 
B)  what the Japanese think about American horror movies and vice versa 
C)  how much statistical power this difference has 
D)  the underlying reasons for this difference 
E)  the generalizability of this difference

Exam 4: Development and Socialization: How Do We Come to Learn a Culture