Question 1

Kathryn, a 4-year-old child, is told a story about a baby turtle who is raised by a mommy and a daddy giraffe. When asked what the turtle will grow up to be, Kathryn is MOST likely to say a

Accepted Answer

A) grown-up giraffe. 
B) grown-up turtle. 
C) very tall turtle with a long neck. 
D) baby turtle.

Question 2

When 3-year-old children are presented with the categories of people, caterpillars, and chimpanzees, and asked which two are most similar, research indicates that they will MOST likely choose

Accepted Answer

A) people and caterpillars. 
B) people and chimpanzees. 
C) caterpillars and chimpanzees. 
D) any of the three possible pairs with equal likelihood.

Question 3

Which statement does NOT support the claim of nativists that children are born with a "biology module"?

Accepted Answer

A) Across cultures, children are fascinated by plants and animals. 
B) Japanese 5-year-olds are more likely than their Israeli peers to believe that inanimate objects can feel pain. 
C) Children throughout the world organize information about living things in very similar manners. 
D) Children learn about animals and learn about them much more quickly than about many other aspects of the environment.

Question 4

Trevor, a 2-year-old who loves the colour red, is told a story about a boy named Andy. In the story, Andy loves the colour blue. When Trevor is asked to choose the colour crayon that Andy would likely choose when drawing a picture, Trevor will MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A) select red because it is his favourite colour. 
B) select blue because it is Andy's favourite colour. 
C) select yellow in an attempt to find a compromise. 
D) choose randomly between red and blue.

Question 5

Harry, a 3-year-old, is shown a raisin box and then is shown that the box contains pennies. If asked what he had thought the box contained before being shown its true contents, Harry will MOST likely say he had thought it contained

Accepted Answer

A) raisins. 
B) pennies. 
C) popcorn. 
D) quarters.

Question 6

Children typically succeed on false-belief problems by the age of _____ years.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 8

Question 7

Trisha, who is 3 years old, views an event in which no cause is visible. She is likely to

Accepted Answer

A) expect that someone tricked her. 
B) actively search for the cause. 
C) laugh. 
D) grasp that something strange has happened.

Question 8

Trains, boats, and buses are members of the same _____ category.

Accepted Answer

A) causal 
B) subordinate 
C) superordinate 
D) perceptual

Question 9

Daniel, who is 5 years old, and his brother James, who is 3 years old, watch a magic show. Which reaction would NOT be expected?

Accepted Answer

A) James actively tries to figure out how the magician does his tricks. 
B) Daniel is fascinated by the lack of an obvious causal mechanism. 
C) James does not find the magic tricks very interesting. 
D) Daniel believes that the magical effects have no cause.

Question 10

Which level of category hierarchies do children usually learn FIRST?

Accepted Answer

A) basic 
B) subordinate 
C) superordinate 
D) supersubordinate

Question 11

Which list is an example of a category hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

A) people/grown-ups/Mommy 
B) men/Daddy/Grandpa 
C) people/plants/animals 
D) people/Daddy/firemen

Question 12

Which group lists the three objects in subordinate/basic/superordinate order?

Accepted Answer

A) flower/daisy/plant 
B) hammer/screwdriver/tool 
C) sedan/car/vehicle 
D) food/fruit/apple

Question 13

Which factor is NOT an aspect of psychological understanding that emerges by the early part of the second year?

Accepted Answer

A) understanding intention 
B) a sense of self 
C) theory of mind 
D) intersubjectivity

Question 14

The Phillips and colleagues study that recorded infants' looking times when they were presented with actors holding stuffed toy kittens was examining infants' understanding of the connection between

Accepted Answer

A) beliefs and actions. 
B) desires and beliefs. 
C) abilities and actions. 
D) desires and actions.

Question 15

Which statement supports the claim that children are born with a "theory of mind module"?

Accepted Answer

A) Certain areas of the brain of children with autism spectrum disorder appear to be atypically sized. 
B) Preschoolers with older siblings do better on false-belief tasks than do those without older siblings. 
C) General information-processing skills are essential for understanding that other people might have different knowledge than the children themselves possess. 
D) Children with autism spectrum disorder tend to have fewer interactions with other people than do others.

Question 16

The development of this spatial skill requires early visual experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) face perception 
B) mental rotation 
C) spatial awareness 
D) space recognition

Question 17

The understanding that any set of discrete objects or events can be counted represents

Accepted Answer

A) one-one correspondence. 
B) stable order. 
C) cardinality. 
D) abstraction.

Question 18

The study examining infants' ability to do simple arithmetic that showed infants one or two dolls and then either added or subtracted a doll from behind a screen demonstrated that infants were surprised in which of these scenarios? Scenario A: A doll is placed behind a screen where another doll was initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals a single doll.
Scenario B: A doll is removed from behind a screen where two dolls were initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals a single doll.
Scenario C: A doll is placed behind a screen where another doll was initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals two dolls.
Scenario D: A doll is removed from behind a screen where two dolls were initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals two dolls.

Accepted Answer

A) both scenarios A and D 
B) both scenarios B and C 
C) scenario A only 
D) scenario C only

Question 19

Describe the notion of a theory of mind module.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the notion of a theory of...

Question 20

Pretend play emerges at about the age of _____; sociodramatic play emerges at about the age of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 year; 2.5 years 
B) 1 year; 18 months 
C) 18 months; 2.5 years 
D) 2.5 years; 4 years

Exam 7: Conceptual Development