Question 1

According to Piaget, what form of reasoning first emerges during the formal operational period?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothetico-deductive reasoning 
B) hypothetico-transitive reasoning 
C) transitive and inductive reasoning 
D) deductive and transitive reasoning

Question 2

How does Case explain the Piagetian processes of assimilation and accommodation? How has his perspective expanded our understanding of Piaget's model of development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Case explain the Piagetian processes...

Question 3

Sylvia is playing with a small stuffed dog when it falls and rolls under her crib.She does not seem particularly distressed, and she does not search for the lost toy.According to Piaget, what accounts for Sylvia's behaviour in response to this event?

Accepted Answer

A) She has mastered object permanence. 
B) She has not yet mastered conservation. 
C) She has not yet mastered object permanence. 
D) She has mastered the concept of conservation.

Question 4

Which statement best summarizes Meltzoff's research on deferred imitation?

Accepted Answer

A) It is present to some degree as early as 4 to 5 months. 
B) It is present to some degree at 9 to 14 months. 
C) It is not present until 18 to 24 months. 
D) It is not present until 30 to 36 months.

Question 5

According to Vygotsky, what does the term zone of proximal development refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) tasks that are learned when children are placed together without adult supervision 
B) tasks that are similar in the level of cognitive understanding required to successfully complete them 
C) tasks that are completely mastered by the child in the previous level of cognitive understanding 
D) tasks that are too complex for the child to complete alone but that can be accomplished with guidance and encouragement from a partner who is more skilled

Question 6

One criticism of Piaget is that he treated children as if they were scientists working in isolation.This criticism relates to which aspect of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) universal 
B) qualitative 
C) invariant 
D) self-directed

Question 7

Which statement best summarizes the findings of contemporary research regarding Piaget's view of the thought processes of preoperational children?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget was quite accurate. 
B) Piaget most likely overestimated children's abilities. 
C) Piaget most likely underestimated children's abilities. 
D) Piaget was quite successful in training children to reach a more advanced level of understanding.

Question 8

Which statement best characterizes thought during the preoperational period?

Accepted Answer

A) Children lack the ability to perform certain basic mental operations. 
B) Children's schemes revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities. 
C) Children's mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world. 
D) Children can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions.

Question 9

Suppose that you are a Grade 1 teacher and notice that many of the children in your class sometimes talk aloud to themselves when they do arithmetic or other schoolwork.You wonder whether you should discourage these mutterings.Discuss how these mutterings might be viewed from Vygotsky's viewpoint and in light of recent research findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that you are a Grade 1...

Question 10

Piaget believed that intellectual development occurs in a fixed sequence.Which factor(s) did he base this belief on?

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation and accommodation 
B) cultural and social experiences and expectations 
C) biological maturation 
D) circular reactions and organization

Question 11

Gerald's dad is upset over some bad news and starts to cry.Five-year-old Gerald quickly brings over his favourite teddy bear for his dad to hold and tells his dad that he will feel better if he hugs "teddy." What Piagetian concept does this child-parent interaction illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) animistic reasoning 
B) egocentrism 
C) transductive reasoning 
D) accommodation

Question 12

Language is an obvious form of symbolism that flourishes during the preoperational period.What is their other form of symbolism during that period?

Accepted Answer

A) pretend play 
B) quaternary circular reactions 
C) conservation 
D) propositional thinking

Question 13

Identify the two processes involved in adaptation, and provide examples that illustrate each process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the two processes involved in adaptation,...

Question 14

According to Piaget, between what ages does the preoperational stage of development occur?

Accepted Answer

A) birth to age 2 
B) age 2 to age 7 
C) age 7 to age 11 
D) age 11 to adulthood

Question 15

Six-year-old Bastien thought all dogs were big like his dog until he saw his friend's new Chihuahua.What does the change in Bastien's understanding of dogs illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) accommodation 
B) centration 
C) object permanence 
D) assimilation

Question 16

Four-year-old Hope thought at first that her next-door neighbour's new pet rabbit was a kitten until she realized that it hopped instead of walked and it didn't purr at all.Hope then realized this was not a kitten but was a rabbit.How would Piaget explain Hope's understanding of her neighbour's pet?

Accepted Answer

A) She used assimilation. 
B) She failed to use accommodation. 
C) She failed to use centration. 
D) She used accommodation.

Question 17

Richard has a box of 10 different-sized buttons, and he is not yet able to sort them in order of largest to smallest.Based on Piaget's theory, what has Richard failed to develop?

Accepted Answer

A) a scheme for conservation of size 
B) a scheme for understanding reversibility 
C) an understanding of the seriation operation 
D) an understanding of the spatial operation

Question 18

Constructing mental images is a prominent feature of which aspect of sensorimotor intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary circular reactions 
B) symbolic problem solving 
C) reflex activity 
D) coordination of secondary schemes

Question 19

What is the Piagetian term for an organized pattern of thought or action that the child constructs to make sense of his or her experience?

Accepted Answer

A) adaptation 
B) concept 
C) scheme 
D) accommodation

Question 20

Which of the following is a way that Piaget has contributed to the field of human development?

Accepted Answer

A) He made it truly developmental, rather than simply applying to children the ideas and methods used to study adult thinking. 
B) He was the first to develop a genuinely continuous view of child development. 
C) He effectively separated competence from performance. 
D) He addressed issues of social and cultural influences in meticulous detail.

Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint