Question 1

At what age do children develop a belief-desire theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A) 9 to 12 months 
B) 2 to 3 years 
C) 3 to 4 years 
D) 5 to 7 years

Question 2

Which process did Piaget propose to explain why people respond in new ways to changes in the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) accommodation 
B) assimilation 
C) conservation 
D) optimization

Question 3

Which statement best summarizes the research findings of Pratt and colleagues regarding how children fared when their parents adjusted their support during a learning situation according to the child's level of expertise?

Accepted Answer

A) Parent scaffolding created dependency. 
B) Parent scaffolding had no impact. 
C) They were less successful. 
D) They were more successful.

Question 4

Describe Piaget's definition of intelligence, and identify his view of the goal of intellectual activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Piaget's definition of intelligence, and identify...

Question 5

DeLoache found that the age at which children were able to successfully perform her scale-model task was dependent on which of the following experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) They were shown the real room first. 
B) They paid more attention to the real room. 
C) The delay between showing them the model and going into the real room was lengthened. 
D) They were shown a photograph of the room.

Question 6

Mastering which cognitive process is the hallmark achievement of the concrete operational period?

Accepted Answer

A) conservation 
B) permanent transitivity 
C) centration 
D) abstract reasoning

Question 7

Roza is currently in the sensorimotor stage of development.According to Piaget, when will her parents know that her object concept is fully mature?

Accepted Answer

A) She searches for partially concealed objects. 
B) She searches for covered objects. 
C) She searches for covertly displaced objects. 
D) She searches for the obvious location of objects.

Question 8

Use class-inclusion and conservation problems to illustrate Piaget's assertion that during the preoperational period children's understanding of objects and events is centred on a single, salient feature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use class-inclusion and conservation problems to illustrate...

Question 9

In terms of problem solving, what marks the fifth stage of the sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A) Children reach a solution to a problem internally by symbolic mental combinations. 
B) Children repeat behaviours that result in interesting consequences. 
C) Children engage in overt trial-and-error behaviours to explore the properties of objects. 
D) Children show reversibility of thought operations.

Question 10

Researchers found that children between 3 and 5 years of age delight in "deceiving" a second player in a treasure-search game by destroying evidence of the location of the treasure or laying down false trails.Do these results support Piaget's claim?

Accepted Answer

A) No, preoperational children are incapable of perspective taking. 
B) Yes, preoperational children are incapable of perspective taking. 
C) No, a full understanding of perspective taking emerges during the formal operational stage. 
D) Yes, perspective taking first emerges during the sensorimotor period.

Question 11

According to Piaget, why are infants' behaviours characterized by repetitive, circular acts?

Accepted Answer

A) They are trying to attract adult attention. 
B) Their behaviour produces interesting consequences. 
C) They are trying to release tension. 
D) Their memory span is limited.

Question 12

According to Robbie Case, through which processes does accommodation occur?

Accepted Answer

A) exploration and problem solving 
B) consolidation and automatization 
C) consolidation and assimilation 
D) exploration and automatization

Question 13

List four deficits that are evident in preconceptual reasoning, and provide examples that illustrate each of these deficits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four deficits that are evident in...

Question 14

Piaget defined intelligence as adaptive behaviour.He maintained that two complementary processes, assimilation and accommodation, are involved in every interaction and that when these two processes are in equilibrium, behaviour will be adaptive.Describe the processes of assimilation and accommodation, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget defined intelligence as adaptive behaviour.He maintained...

Question 15

In an observational study by Pratt and colleagues, greater parental support was offered when the children experienced failure at solving problems.How would Vygotsky account for the parent's response?

Accepted Answer

A) The parent used collaboration. 
B) The parent used zones of equilibration. 
C) The parent used scaffolding. 
D) The parent used internalization.

Question 16

What did Piaget call the process of changing or modifying existing schemes in order to make sense of new experiences?

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation 
B) centration 
C) accommodation 
D) conservation

Question 17

Four-year-old Brittany mistakes her next-door neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten.How would Piaget explain Brittany's error?

Accepted Answer

A) She used accommodation. 
B) She used assimilation. 
C) She failed to use object permanence. 
D) She failed to use conservation.

Question 18

Explain what is meant by the term horizontal décalage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by the term...

Question 19

According to recent research preschoolers are likely to attribute life to which type of inanimate object?

Accepted Answer

A) all types, including nonliving things 
B) all types that display movement on their own 
C) unfamiliar types that display movement on their own 
D) types that are similar to living things only

Question 20

Some adults fail to solve formal-operational problems.Which statement best summarizes the research findings for why this may occur?

Accepted Answer

A) He or she is below average in intelligence or developmentally delayed. 
B) He or she lacks the ability for abstract thinking. 
C) He or she may lack experience with the content of that particular type of problem. 
D) He or she lacks all ability for formal-operational thinking.

Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint