Question 1

Outline four research findings that lend support to Vygotsky's views regarding private speech.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline four research findings that lend support...

Question 2

What did a recent meta-analysis show in relation to the development of theory of mind in preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

A) The development of theory of mind is associated with attentional mechanisms in middle childhood. 
B) The development of theory of mind is linked to the emergence of executive functioning in preschoolers. 
C) The development of theory of mind is facilitated by having younger siblings. 
D) The development of theory of mind is unrelated to social development.

Question 3

Discuss neo-nativism and theory theories of cognitive development.How do they add to and how do they differ from Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss neo-nativism and theory theories of cognitive...

Question 4

Which of the following statements below describes Baillargeon's concept of explanation-based learning (EBL)?

Accepted Answer

A) Infant learning about objects is environmentally based, but their memory deficit causes them to make inappropriate judgments about them. 
B) Infant learning about objects is almost entirely inborn and only altered through expected outcome. 
C) Infants learn about the properties of objects and the rules governing them based on a very small sample of events. 
D) Infants learn about the properties of objects and the rules governing them based on a sizeable sample of repeated events.

Question 5

Which statement best summarizes Piaget's view as to why children often hold erroneous explanations for real-world events?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not attend to the explanations adults give. 
B) They do not remember the explanations that adults give. 
C) They lack curiosity and so do not question adults' explanations. 
D) They construct their own explanations based on their experiences.

Question 6

Summarize the results from studies that have provided new evidence on egocentrism, causal reasoning, and conservation during the preoperational stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the results from studies that have...

Question 7

Yves is 8 months old.According to Piaget, which period of development is Yves in?

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) reflexive motor 
D) sensory operational

Question 8

Discuss the four levels of investigation that Vygotsky believed should be used to evaluate human development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the four levels of investigation that...

Question 9

Prior to acquiring a belief-desire theory of mind, what do young children think about the beliefs of others?

Accepted Answer

A) People's beliefs match what is real and true. 
B) People randomly choose their own beliefs. 
C) False beliefs guide people's actions. 
D) Personal agency makes all beliefs correct.

Question 10

What would be an overall slogan of Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) "The child discovers knowledge." 
B) "The child develops among others." 
C) "Innate competencies unfold with maturation." 
D) "Behavioural reinforcers guide the child's development."

Question 11

During the concrete operational stage, children show the ability to solve conservation problems.Explain what a conservation problem is, and identify two cognitive operations that aid in solving this type of problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the concrete operational stage, children show...

Question 12

Describe the main components of a theory of mind, according to Baron-Cohen.How do these components relate to the symptoms of autistic disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main components of a theory...

Question 13

In DeLoache's original studies on the use of scale models, why did toddlers perform poorly?

Accepted Answer

A) They have poor memory abilities. 
B) They did not attend to where the toy was hidden. 
C) The delay between showing them the model and going into the room was too long. 
D) They could not understand that the model was a representation of the real room.

Question 14

According to Vygotsky, developmental studies comparing various animal species would be most appropriate for which type of research?

Accepted Answer

A) ontogenetic 
B) sociohistorical 
C) microgenetic 
D) phylogenetic

Question 15

In contrast to Vygotsky, what was the focus of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) the role of memory and strategy selection in cognitive growth 
B) the self-directed nature of cognitive growth 
C) the biological maturation necessary for cognitive growth 
D) the sociocultural context in which cognitive growth occurs

Question 16

DeLoache and colleagues conducted several research studies designed to map the development of preschool children's symbolic abilities.Describe the basic findings from these studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DeLoache and colleagues conducted several research studies...

Question 17

In contrast to Piaget, what was the focus of Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) the self-directed nature of cognitive growth 
B) the sociocultural context in which cognitive growth occurs 
C) the role of memory and strategy selection in cognitive growth 
D) the biological maturation necessary for cognitive growth

Question 18

A small child explores and taps a rubber ball and learns about the ball's properties via discovery.Which of Piaget's principles does the child's behaviour exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) constructivism 
B) horizontal décalage 
C) representational insight 
D) invariant development

Question 19

Many school-aged children use calculators to do daily arithmetic calculations.What would Vygotsky consider the calculator to be?

Accepted Answer

A) a device for inner experimentation 
B) a tool of intellectual adaptation 
C) a zone of proximal development 
D) an electronic scaffold

Question 20

According to Piaget, what do children need in order to learn?

Accepted Answer

A) adults who provide information about what to do and how to do it 
B) adults who provide complete and scientific answers to their questions that challenge them to explore 
C) the opportunity to construct new knowledge for themselves 
D) the opportunity to have material repeated in a familiar context

Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint