Question 1

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  inhibition 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  discrimination

Question 2

Gracie had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gracie will probably get nauseated the next time she tries to eat cheesy tacos. 
B)  Gracie will probably develop a strong liking for cheesy tacos. 
C)  Gracie will probably be able to eat cheesy tacos with no nausea at all. 
D)  Gracie will probably continue to eat cheesy tacos except when she feels nauseous.

Question 3

When you were first learning to make your bed, your parents told you that you did a good job when you got the bedspread pulled up, even though the bed was still a little messy. For the next week they showed you how to be a little neater each time you made the bed. What operant conditioning procedure did your parents use?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  extinction 
C)  shaping 
D)  punishment

Question 4

Harper's heart rate has been conditioned to increase whenever she smells Old Spice After Shave. However, Harper's heart also races to the aroma of Brut and English Leather. This reaction is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  discrimination

Question 5

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS substitutes for the UCS 
B)  there is a biological readiness for conditioning to occur between the CS and UCS 
C)  the CS has to provide information about the coming of the UCS 
D)  reinforcement must occur by providing a pleasant event

Question 6

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the person lighting the firecrackers 
B)  the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C)  the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D)  the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 7

Sebastian has been smoking cigarettes for years, and particularly enjoys smoking when he goes to a casino to play blackjack. He recently quit smoking and has been cigarette-free for eight months. In that time, he has also had no opportunity to go back to a casino to play cards. Tonight, he and some friends went to play blackjack, and once he sat down at the table he got a sudden and irresistible urge to smoke a cigarette, and ended up smoking a pack in one night. Sebastian's unexpected desire to smoke was a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  observational learning

Question 8

Kyla signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Kyla plans to make as many purchases as she can so that she can accumulate enough miles to go on a trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a token economy 
B)  shaping 
C)  a schedule of reinforcement 
D)  a form of negative reinforcement

Question 9

Shaping is achieved through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination training 
B)  generalization 
C)  higher-order conditioning 
D)  successive approximations

Question 10

Noelle's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 11

Sophia is trying to teach her son, Oliver, to do the laundry by having him watch her. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oliver must always model the behavior immediately. 
B)  Oliver must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C)  Oliver must be able to complete other tasks while watching Sophia. 
D)  Sophia must show Oliver how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Question 12

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable interval 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed ratio 
D)  fixed interval

Question 13

If Min-jun was praised every fourth time he collected rocks without throwing them, his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  fixed ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 14

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study 
B)  Bandura's loyal but strange assistant who carried out the study 
C)  Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him 
D)  the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study

Question 15

In order to treat a child's attention problems in a classroom, a technique that uses the EEG and video game-like technology called __________ has been employed.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurogenetics 
B)  neurofeedback 
C)  biofeedback 
D)  videographics

Question 16

Luna sees a sign on a farmer's fence that reads: HELP ME PICK STRAWBERRIES! FOR EVERY 5 QUARTS YOU PICK, KEEP ONE FOR YOURSELF. If Luna decides to pick strawberries for this farmer, she would be under a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  variable interval 
D)  variable ratio

Question 17

Felix is coming down with the flu, but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill. A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea. What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 18

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  the person lighting the firecrackers 
B)  the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C)  the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D)  the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 19

As she walked through her neighborhood, Posie, a 6-year-old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Posie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. The sight of dogs is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  UCS 
B)  CS 
C)  UCR 
D)  CR

Question 20

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee-jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The initial strike to the knee is the CS. 
B)  The initial knee-jerk response is the CR. 
C)  The sound is the CS. 
D)  The anticipation of being struck in the knee is the CSR.

Exam 5: Learning

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called __________.

Gracie had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Harper's heart rate has been conditioned to increase whenever she smells Old Spice After Shave. However, Harper's heart also races to the aroma of Brut and English Leather. This reaction is known as __________.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that __________.

Kyla signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Kyla plans to make as many purchases as she can so that she can accumulate enough miles to go on a trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of __________.

Shaping is achieved through __________.

Noelle's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Sophia is trying to teach her son, Oliver, to do the laundry by having him watch her. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

If Min-jun was praised every fourth time he collected rocks without throwing them, his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to __________.

In order to treat a child's attention problems in a classroom, a technique that uses the EEG and video game-like technology called __________ has been employed.

Luna sees a sign on a farmer's fence that reads: HELP ME PICK STRAWBERRIES! FOR EVERY 5 QUARTS YOU PICK, KEEP ONE FOR YOURSELF. If Luna decides to pick strawberries for this farmer, she would be under a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

Felix is coming down with the flu, but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill. A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea. What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee-jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?