Question 1

Which themes best explain decision avoidance?

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that some choices are too difficult and the idea of temporal discounting 
B) The idea of anticipated regret and the idea of certainty bias 
C) The idea that some choices are too difficult and the idea of anticipated regret 
D) The idea of temporal discounting and the idea of certainty bias

Question 2

The status quo bias is one form of ____ in decision-making.

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring 
B) reactance 
C) avoidance 
D) temporal discounting

Question 3

Angelo has mild autism spectrum disorder and participates in an applied behavioral analysis program. Each day in school, he is allowed to decide the order in which he will work on his tasks-although the day's tasks have been selected for him- and which of several possible rewards he would like when he has completed each task. This approach is MOST consistent with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) self-determination theory 
B) error management theory 
C) learned helplessness 
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 4

Suicide often fits the ________________ pattern that is viewed as a common tradeoff in human decision making.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suicide often fits the ________________ pattern that...

Question 5

Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply let the relationship fall to pieces). Social psychologists would say that her decision to do nothing reflects ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the certainty effect 
B) the omission bias 
C) reactance theory 
D) temporal discounting

Question 6

In social psychology, the "belief that one's own project will proceed as planned, even while knowing that the vast majority of similar projects have run late" is known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) planning fallacy 
B) omission bias 
C) Zeigarnik effect 
D) capacity to delay gratification

Question 7

Both reactance theory and self-determination theory suggest that a sense of ________________ is important to people and that they will strive to achieve it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both reactance theory and self-determination theory suggest...

Question 8

The ________________ suggests that even a false belief that one can exert control over events makes them more bearable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ suggests that even a false...

Question 9

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be ____ theorists and are thus more likely to view their athletic skills as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) incremental; inborn and fixed 
B) incremental; flexible and changeable 
C) entity; inborn and fixed 
D) entity; flexible and changeable

Question 10

Recent research has demonstrated that men and women perceive certain behaviors differently: Men are more likely than women to assume that an innocent smile is a sign of flirtation, while women are more likely than men to assume that blatant flirtation is merely a sign of friendliness. These research findings are MOST consistent with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) error management theory 
B) self-determination theory 
C) reactance theory 
D) action identification theory

Question 11

The ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) goal shielding 
B) incremental awareness 
C) the capacity to delay gratification 
D) learned helplessness

Question 12

Ursula believes that traits and abilities as fixed at birth and remain the same no matter what. By contrast, Yuri believes that people develop their traits and abilities across time, and that they can become better and better with practice. Social psychologists would say that Ursula is a(n)____ while Yuri is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) collectivist; individualist 
B) individualist; collectivist 
C) incremental theorist; entity theorist 
D) entity theorist; incremental theorist

Question 13

Many of the problems that afflict people in modern society-such as drug addictions, anger management problems, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and crime-involve some component of an inadequate ____.

Accepted Answer

A) self-regulation 
B) planning fallacy 
C) temporal discounting 
D) reactance

Question 14

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n)____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n)____ way.

Accepted Answer

A) realistic; realistic 
B) realistic; optimistic 
C) optimistic; realistic 
D) optimistic; optimistic

Question 15

People who have suicidal tendencies tend to be ____.

Accepted Answer

A) high in self-awareness but emotionally numb 
B) high in self-awareness and plagued by emotional distress 
C) low in self-awareness and emotionally numb 
D) low in self-awareness but plagued by emotional distress

Question 16

Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) when setting goals, most people set aside positive illusions and are (at least temporarily)realistic 
B) most people are overly optimistic and ambitious when setting goals 
C) because most people have positive illusions about themselves and their lives, they usually fail to set goals at all (and just assume that things will turn out well) 
D) because most people have positive illusions about themselves and their lives, they tend to set goals for the distant future, but not goals for the present or immediate future

Question 17

The two main drawbacks of plans are that ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

A) they can be discouraging if they are too rigid and detailed; they tend to be overly optimistic 
B) they can be discouraging if they are too rigid and detailed; they often fail to prioritize the most important things 
C) they tend to distract people from actually completing the tasks at hand; they tend to be overly optimistic 
D) they tend to distract people from actually completing the tasks at hand; they often fail to prioritize the most important things

Question 18

Suicidal people tend to focus more on the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) present and how miserable it is 
B) meaning of existence 
C) future and its various possibilities 
D) loss of long-term goals and dreams

Question 19

Which individual is LEAST likely to experience effective  goal shielding?

Accepted Answer

A) Kayla, who is not very committed to achieving her current goals 
B) Leo, who is somewhat committed to achieving his current goals 
C) Martin, who is very committed to achieving his current goals 
D) Nan, who has decided in theory to commit to her current goals

Question 20

Closing one's eyes, so one does not need to look at a desired (but forbidden)object, is a good way to increase one's ____.

Accepted Answer

A) self-awareness 
B) tendency to engage in self-defeating behavior 
C) capacity to delay gratification 
D) learned helplessness

Exam 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Which themes best explain decision avoidance?

The status quo bias is one form of ____ in decision-making.

Suicide often fits the ________________ pattern that is viewed as a common tradeoff in human decision making.

Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply let the relationship fall to pieces) . Social psychologists would say that her decision to do nothing reflects ____.

In social psychology, the "belief that one's own project will proceed as planned, even while knowing that the vast majority of similar projects have run late" is known as the ____.

Both reactance theory and self-determination theory suggest that a sense of ________________ is important to people and that they will strive to achieve it.

The ________________ suggests that even a false belief that one can exert control over events makes them more bearable.

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be theorists and are thus more likely to view their athletic skills as .

The ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards is known as ____.

Many of the problems that afflict people in modern society-such as drug addictions, anger management problems, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and crime-involve some component of an inadequate ____.

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) way.

People who have suicidal tendencies tend to be ____.

Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____.

The two main drawbacks of plans are that and .

Suicidal people tend to focus more on the ____.

Which individual is LEAST likely to experience effective goal shielding?

Closing one's eyes, so one does not need to look at a desired (but forbidden) object, is a good way to increase one's ____.

Exam 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Which themes best explain decision avoidance?

The status quo bias is one form of ____ in decision-making.

Suicide often fits the ________________ pattern that is viewed as a common tradeoff in human decision making.

Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply let the relationship fall to pieces) . Social psychologists would say that her decision to do nothing reflects ____.

In social psychology, the "belief that one's own project will proceed as planned, even while knowing that the vast majority of similar projects have run late" is known as the ____.

Both reactance theory and self-determination theory suggest that a sense of ________________ is important to people and that they will strive to achieve it.

The ________________ suggests that even a false belief that one can exert control over events makes them more bearable.

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be ____ theorists and are thus more likely to view their athletic skills as ____.

The ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards is known as ____.

Many of the problems that afflict people in modern society-such as drug addictions, anger management problems, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and crime-involve some component of an inadequate ____.

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) ____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) ____ way.

People who have suicidal tendencies tend to be ____.

Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____.

The two main drawbacks of plans are that ____ and ____.

Suicidal people tend to focus more on the ____.

Which individual is LEAST likely to experience effective goal shielding?

Closing one's eyes, so one does not need to look at a desired (but forbidden) object, is a good way to increase one's ____.

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be theorists and are thus more likely to view their athletic skills as .

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) way.

The two main drawbacks of plans are that and .