Question 1

A mother asks her toddler if he would rather have ice cream right now or wait for two hours and have both ice cream and a milkshake. In this scenario, the mother is testing her toddler's capacity ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mother asks her toddler if he...

Question 2

Jacopo has a long-term goal of becoming a neurologist. At the moment, though, he is only seven years old. He therefore also has several "stepping stone goals" (finishing high school, going to college, going to medical school, etc.). Given this information, we can say that Jacopo has a complete ____.

Accepted Answer

A) hierarchy of goals 
B) action identification system 
C) incremental system map 
D) self-determination map

Question 3

Rachel has taken French for years and is very good at it. Nonetheless, she just enrolled in Intermediate French (which will be easy for her)rather than Advanced French (which will be challenging but not impossible). It is probably safe to assume that Rachel ____.

Accepted Answer

A) is an incremental theorist 
B) is an entity theorist 
C) is focused on low levels of meaning in identifying this action 
D) is focused on high levels of meaning in identifying this action

Question 4

Which of the following is an accurate statement about goals?

Accepted Answer

A) Goals are typically independent. 
B) People usually have a hierarchy of goals. 
C) Distal goals operate as stepping stones toward proximal goals. 
D) Having only proximal goals is better than having only distal goals.

Question 5

The purpose of goal shielding is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ensure that you achieve your most important goals 
B) provide rules to monitor your progress towards your goals 
C) help develop plans to achieve your goals 
D) manage the competition between multiple goals

Question 6

Research shows that when people leave suicide notes, the notes tend to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) focus on mundane, concrete topics 
B) dwell on the person's (usually unhappy)childhood experiences 
C) list or discuss the person's accomplishments-possibly as a last-ditch effort to show his or her worth 
D) draw comparisons between the person and famous martyrs or celebrities who have committed suicide

Question 7

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the self's capacity to alter its own responses.

Accepted Answer

A) self-regulation 
B) self-monitoring 
C) response modification 
D) prosocial behavior

Question 8

What is the TOTE model? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the TOTE model? Provide an...

Question 9

In decision making, the tendency for people to place greater weight on the present than the future is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the certainty effect 
B) temporal discounting 
C) reactance 
D) risk aversion

Question 10

Self-regulation involves monitoring your behavior, ____, and adjusting your behavior accordingly.

Accepted Answer

A) reading the current social environment and its norms 
B) comparing your behavior against standards 
C) comparing your behavior against past behavior 
D) monitoring other people's behavior

Question 11

The idea that at least some of our activities must be motivated by inner drives and choices, rather than by external factors, reflects ____.

Accepted Answer

A) error management theory 
B) self-determination theory 
C) action identification theory 
D) the status quo bias

Question 12

People tend to say that they would prefer to have $1000 today rather than $1200 two weeks from now-even though, logically, they would be better off with the $1200 in two weeks. The phenomenon underlying this tendency is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) risk aversion 
B) the certainty effect 
C) temporal discounting 
D) the status quo bias

Question 13

Aimee is moving to a new state and has looked at numerous houses. She is avoiding making a decision on which house to purchase because she thinks that once she chooses, she may find a better house that she would like even more. Which of the following best explains Aimee's decision avoidance?

Accepted Answer

A) Anticipated regret 
B) The certainty effect 
C) Reactance 
D) Temporal discounting

Question 14

Joe has an important Spanish exam next week. Would it help him if he visualizes himself acing the exam? What about if he visualizes himself studying really hard for the exam?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither of these things will help him. 
B) Both of these things will help him about equally. 
C) Both of these things will help him-but visualizing himself acing the exam (the true end goal)will help more than visualizing himself studying really hard. 
D) Both of these things will help him-but visualizing himself studying really hard (which will likely lead to him actually studying harder)will help more than visualizing himself acing the exam.

Question 15

The third ingredient of self-regulation is the ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third ingredient of self-regulation is the...

Question 16

Margaret has to choose between two apartments. One apartment is bright and airy but is also more expensive. The other is neither bright nor airy but is much cheaper than the other apartment. Which apartment should Margaret choose and why?

Accepted Answer

A) She should choose the more expensive apartment because quantitative differences are more important than qualitative differences. 
B) She should choose the cheaper apartment because it will make her happier in the long run. 
C) She should choose the more expensive apartment because it will make her happier in the long run. 
D) She should choose the cheaper apartment because quantitative differences are more important than qualitative differences.

Question 17

Adam and his friend, Rachel, are having dinner at a restaurant. After finishing their meal, Adam tells Rachel that the waitress serving them was flirting with him all evening. Rachel disagrees with him and says that she was just being friendly. The difference in interpretation between Rachel and Adam can best be attributed to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) error management theory 
B) the omission bias 
C) the status quo bias 
D) self-determination theory

Question 18

Research on habits shows that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) people have habits but rarely use them 
B) people have habits but only occasionally use them 
C) people rely exclusively on a small number of habits 
D) people have plenty of habits and use them frequently

Question 19

Martina is studying for her calculus exam.  She needs to write a paper for another class, too, but while she is studying for her calculus class, her mind shuts off the paper so that she can focus on her math.  Martina is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A) learned helplessness 
B) the panic button effect 
C) the Zeigarnik effect 
D) goal shielding

Question 20

Of the following people, who is at the greatest risk for suicide?

Accepted Answer

A) Brock, who regrets joining medical school because he does not enjoy it 
B) Brenda, who is furious after learning that she was rejected from a graduate program 
C) Scott, who does not enjoy law school but wants to own his own law practice 
D) Carolyn, who is struggling with low grades and begins to suppress her emotions

Exam 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control