Question 1

Tsvi, a three-month-old baby, stops crying when he hears his parents' OK Computer CD. Now, whenever he begins to cry, his parents play OK Computer. Tsvi's parents' behavior of playing the CD is the result of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) habituation 
C) learned helplessness 
D) operant conditioning

Question 2

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a helpful tool to classroom teachers because often, the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop. What operant conditioning process does this technique most utilize?​

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) shaping 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) extinction

Question 3

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month, whether they work hard or not. This type of payment plan demonstrates a ____ reinforcement schedule.​

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 4

Jason does not complete his chores on time, despite his mother's repeated requests for him to do so. As a result, his mother takes away his Playstation and Wii for a month. Jason's mother is hoping to change his behavior through the use of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) learned helplessness 
B) penalty 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) avoidance conditioning

Question 5

Every time the papergirl says to her customers, "I want my two dollars," her customers give her money. In this example, receiving the customer's money is a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) unconditioned response 
C) insight 
D) reinforcer

Question 6

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time. She enjoys it, but unfortunately, later that day, Keren comes down with the stomach flu. Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous. This is an example of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) taste aversion 
C) cotton candy phobia 
D) learned immune response

Question 7

One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class. Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior. In the terms of operant conditioning, the scolding is a ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) punisher 
B) penalty 
C) positive reinforce 
D) negative reinforcer

Question 8

Every time Brandy drops a cricket into the cage of her pet tarantula, Chompers, he begins to salivate. Brandy has gotten in the habit of playing her favorite CD when she feeds Chompers. After several pairings of the cricket and her favorite CD, all Brandy has to do is play the CD and Chompers begins to salivate. In this example, Chompers salivating to the cricket is a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned response

Question 9

Kong is scared to death of bananas and banana peels. However, he watches others eat bananas and receive a rewarding piece of candy every time they throw their banana peel away. Eventually, Kong begins to eat bananas and throw the peels away. Kong has learned this through ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) vicarious conditioning 
D) higher-order conditioning

Question 10

Eve breaks things when she gets angry. Whenever Eve begins breaking anything, her parents stop what they are doing and pay attention to her. Now, Eve breaks things more than ever. Apparently, her parents' attention serves as a(n)____for Eve's behavior.​

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcer 
B) negative reinforcer 
C) penalty 
D) punishment

Question 11

In psychology, learning is best defined as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) the modification through experience of preexisting behavior and understanding 
B) the systematic organization of information that facilitates later recall and use 
C) a temporary change in behavior that results from past experience 
D) the adaptation of instinctual responses to new environments

Question 12

Tim doesn't want to run into his ex-girlfriend on campus, so he changes the route that he used to take to get to class when he sees her. The first day this occurs, Tim does not run into his ex-girlfriend. Tim ends up using this route for a month because he fails to run into her. Tim has learned through ____ conditioning.​

Accepted Answer

A) classical 
B) vicarious 
C) escape 
D) avoidance

Question 13

Sarah wants to learn to play the piano. Research on skill learning suggests that ____ will be the most critical component in Sarah's learning process. ​

Accepted Answer

A) immediate feedback 
B) writing music 
C) repeated practice 
D) continual guidance

Question 14

As the months pass, Kurt begins taking more and more heroin as each dose doesn't seem to give him the same high. Eventually, Kurt is addicted to heroin. According to opponent-process theory, ____ may be the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction. ​

Accepted Answer

A) sensitization 
B) learning 
C) habituation 
D) classical conditioning

Question 15

When Imelda was young, she was fascinated by shoe commercials on TV. She was particularly impressed by how happy people seemed to be when buying shoes. As an adult, Imelda goes shopping for shoes every chance she gets. This is an example of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) spontaneous conditioning 
D) observational learning

Question 16

Two-year-old Hannah says the word hell in the middle of dinner, and her parents immediately stop talking to each other and scold her. They spent the rest of the meal paying close attention to what Hannah said. Later, Hannah says hell repeatedly, and each time, her parents spend time talking to her and paying attention to her. In this situation, the parents' attention is a ____ and Hannah's inappropriate language is a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcer; conditioner 
B) negative reinforcer; operant 
C) positive reinforcer; operant 
D) punishment; operant

Question 17

Keleka's parents often deal with her misbehavior by not allowing her to watch her favorite TV program, Speed Racer . Marnie's parents deal with Marnie's misbehavior by spanking her. Keleka's parents are using ____, and Marnie's parents are using ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) punishment; negative reinforcement 
B) escape conditioning; avoidance conditioning 
C) negative reinforcement; punishment 
D) punishment; punishment

Question 18

Tyrell wants to teach his two daughters, Sarah and Mia, to practice their golf swings every day. Each time after Sarah finishes practicing, he gives her $5, and each time after Mia finishes practicing, he gives her a handful of her favorite candy pieces. Sarah is receiving a __________ reinforcer, and Mia is receiving a __________ reinforcer.​

Accepted Answer

A) secondary; secondary 
B) primary; primary 
C) secondary; primary 
D) primary; secondary

Question 19

To learn to look both ways before crossing the street, children merely need to hear about the consequences of getting hit by a car (instead of having to experience it themselves). This is an example of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) insight 
C) vicarious conditioning 
D) escape learning

Question 20

Sally is a manager of a house-cleaning company and is paid with a monthly salary. Paul, who works for Sally, gets paid by the number of houses he cleans. Paul gets paid on a ____ reinforcement schedule, while Sally gets paid on a ____ reinforcement schedule.​

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval; variable-interval 
B) variable-interval; variable-interval 
C) variable-ratio; fixed-ratio 
D) fixed-ratio; fixed-interval

Exam 5: Learning

Tsvi, a three-month-old baby, stops crying when he hears his parents' OK Computer CD. Now, whenever he begins to cry, his parents play OK Computer. Tsvi's parents' behavior of playing the CD is the result of ____.

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a helpful tool to classroom teachers because often, the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop. What operant conditioning process does this technique most utilize?

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month, whether they work hard or not. This type of payment plan demonstrates a ____ reinforcement schedule.

Jason does not complete his chores on time, despite his mother's repeated requests for him to do so. As a result, his mother takes away his Playstation and Wii for a month. Jason's mother is hoping to change his behavior through the use of ____.

Every time the papergirl says to her customers, "I want my two dollars," her customers give her money. In this example, receiving the customer's money is a(n) ____.

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time. She enjoys it, but unfortunately, later that day, Keren comes down with the stomach flu. Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous. This is an example of ____.

One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class. Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior. In the terms of operant conditioning, the scolding is a ____.

Kong is scared to death of bananas and banana peels. However, he watches others eat bananas and receive a rewarding piece of candy every time they throw their banana peel away. Eventually, Kong begins to eat bananas and throw the peels away. Kong has learned this through ____.

Eve breaks things when she gets angry. Whenever Eve begins breaking anything, her parents stop what they are doing and pay attention to her. Now, Eve breaks things more than ever. Apparently, her parents' attention serves as a(n) ____for Eve's behavior.

In psychology, learning is best defined as ____.

Sarah wants to learn to play the piano. Research on skill learning suggests that ____ will be the most critical component in Sarah's learning process.

As the months pass, Kurt begins taking more and more heroin as each dose doesn't seem to give him the same high. Eventually, Kurt is addicted to heroin. According to opponent-process theory, ____ may be the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction.

When Imelda was young, she was fascinated by shoe commercials on TV. She was particularly impressed by how happy people seemed to be when buying shoes. As an adult, Imelda goes shopping for shoes every chance she gets. This is an example of ____.

Keleka's parents often deal with her misbehavior by not allowing her to watch her favorite TV program, Speed Racer . Marnie's parents deal with Marnie's misbehavior by spanking her. Keleka's parents are using , and Marnie's parents are using .

To learn to look both ways before crossing the street, children merely need to hear about the consequences of getting hit by a car (instead of having to experience it themselves) . This is an example of ____.

Sally is a manager of a house-cleaning company and is paid with a monthly salary. Paul, who works for Sally, gets paid by the number of houses he cleans. Paul gets paid on a reinforcement schedule, while Sally gets paid on a reinforcement schedule.

Exam 5: Learning

Tsvi, a three-month-old baby, stops crying when he hears his parents' OK Computer CD. Now, whenever he begins to cry, his parents play OK Computer. Tsvi's parents' behavior of playing the CD is the result of ____.​

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a helpful tool to classroom teachers because often, the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop. What operant conditioning process does this technique most utilize?​

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month, whether they work hard or not. This type of payment plan demonstrates a ____ reinforcement schedule.​

Jason does not complete his chores on time, despite his mother's repeated requests for him to do so. As a result, his mother takes away his Playstation and Wii for a month. Jason's mother is hoping to change his behavior through the use of ____.​

Every time the papergirl says to her customers, "I want my two dollars," her customers give her money. In this example, receiving the customer's money is a(n) ____.​

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time. She enjoys it, but unfortunately, later that day, Keren comes down with the stomach flu. Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous. This is an example of ____.​

One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class. Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior. In the terms of operant conditioning, the scolding is a ____.​