Question 1

A quasi-experiment is like a true experiment except _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no control group
B)   the dependent variable is measured repeatedly over time
C)   participants are not assigned randomly to test groups
D)   participants know the hypothesis in advance C

Question 2

What seems to be the best explanation for the other-race effect that is often observed in studies of eyewitness identifications?

Accepted Answer

A feature that varies a lot in faces of one race doesn't always vary a lot in faces of a different race. Black faces, for example, show more variability in skin tone, whereas White faces show more variability in hair color. Growing up, we learn which features help us distinguish members of our own group, so Whites tend to focus on hair color and Blacks tend to focus on skin tone. This strategy works fairly well until we're put into a situation in which we are asked to identify the face of a person who is racially different. Because we have little practice distinguishing among faces of people of other races, many witnesses fail to notice and remember the features that would be most helpful. As a result, they sometimes make mistakes when trying to identify a person of a different race.

Question 3

The other-race effect is a leading contributor to misidentifications in the U.S. criminal justice system, but it is essentially a non-factor _______________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   in communities that have little or no racial diversity
B)   in communities that have a history of multiculturalism
C)   when police departments use nonsuggestive photo lineups
D)   all of the above A

Question 4

What is Darwin's survival value hypothesis of emotions? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is Darwin's survival value hypothesis of...

Question 5

Moroccans may be less punctual than Americans because most Moroccans partition time into 15-minutes segments, whereas most Americans partition time into 5-minute segments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The study of punctuality standards in Estonia, Morocco, and the United States found that, within each country, people generally agreed with each other about the norms that govern proper arrival behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What people actually do is called a(n) ___________ norm, but what people should do is called a(n) ___________ norm.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral; descriptive
B)   empirical; ideological
C)   prescriptive; proscriptive
D)   none of the above

Question 8

Empiricists believe that individuals acquire perceptual concepts and abilities through repeated interactions with the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these was NOT a finding from the study of punctuality standards in Estonia, Morocco, and the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   In all three countries, arriving early was less taboo than arriving late.
B)   In all three countries, arriving late for a social engagement was less taboo than arriving late for a business meeting.
C)   In all three countries, arriving late was less taboo for a man than for a woman.
D)   In all three countries, making a lower status person wait was less taboo than making a higher status person wait.

Question 10

If the carpentered world hypothesis is correct, Navajos who grow up in a traditional hogan should be less susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The idea that racial groups have different kinds of physiognomic variability is a myth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to the carpentered world hypothesis, who will be most susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion and who will be least susceptible?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the carpentered world hypothesis, who...

Question 13

Which concept below is key to understanding why people generally recognize same-race faces more accurately than other-race faces?

Accepted Answer

A)   suggestive lineups
B)   physiognomic variability
C)   nonconscious racial prejudice
D)   signal detection and processing

Question 14

Consider the study of punctuality in Estonia, Morocco, and the United States that was described in Briefing 16. How could you modify the study to improve its external validity? That is, what changes could you make to increase our confidence that the study's findings will generalize to other people and places?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the study of punctuality in Estonia,...

Question 15

In one study, participants in Cameroon and Tanzania correctly interpreted smiley face emoticons but did not know how to interpret Western and Japanese text emoticons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Darwin's survival value hypothesis of emotion predicts that:

Accepted Answer

A)   angry faces should be recognized more quickly than happy faces.
B)   happy faces should be recognized more quickly than fearful faces.
C)   fearful faces should be recognized more quickly than angry faces.
D)   both a and b

Question 17

Researchers who study diverse groups of people living in different parts of the world can contribute to ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the argument over automatic processes and systematic processes
B)   the nativism-empiricism debate
C)   the controversy surrounding correlation and causation
D)   none of the above

Question 18

What is cultural evolution? How does it operate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is cultural evolution? How does it...

Question 19

Compared to cross-race eyewitness identifications, same-race identifications are more likely to be correct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the study of punctuality standards, what are two plausible explanations for why Moroccans, as a group, are less punctual than Americans? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the study of punctuality standards,...

Exam 4: Perceptual Processes

A quasi-experiment is like a true experiment except _____________________.

What seems to be the best explanation for the other-race effect that is often observed in studies of eyewitness identifications?

The other-race effect is a leading contributor to misidentifications in the U.S. criminal justice system, but it is essentially a non-factor _______________________________________.

What is Darwin's survival value hypothesis of emotions? Be specific.

Moroccans may be less punctual than Americans because most Moroccans partition time into 15-minutes segments, whereas most Americans partition time into 5-minute segments.

The study of punctuality standards in Estonia, Morocco, and the United States found that, within each country, people generally agreed with each other about the norms that govern proper arrival behavior.

What people actually do is called a(n) _ norm, but what people should do is called a(n) _ norm.

Empiricists believe that individuals acquire perceptual concepts and abilities through repeated interactions with the environment.

Which of these was NOT a finding from the study of punctuality standards in Estonia, Morocco, and the United States?

If the carpentered world hypothesis is correct, Navajos who grow up in a traditional hogan should be less susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion.

The idea that racial groups have different kinds of physiognomic variability is a myth.

According to the carpentered world hypothesis, who will be most susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion and who will be least susceptible?

Which concept below is key to understanding why people generally recognize same-race faces more accurately than other-race faces?

In one study, participants in Cameroon and Tanzania correctly interpreted smiley face emoticons but did not know how to interpret Western and Japanese text emoticons.

Darwin's survival value hypothesis of emotion predicts that:

Researchers who study diverse groups of people living in different parts of the world can contribute to ______________.

What is cultural evolution? How does it operate?

Compared to cross-race eyewitness identifications, same-race identifications are more likely to be correct.

According to the study of punctuality standards, what are two plausible explanations for why Moroccans, as a group, are less punctual than Americans? Be specific.