Question 1

Research has shown that memories can be distorted because of beliefs that people already hold when the memory is formed.These earlier beliefs are part of cognitive:

Accepted Answer

A)  nodes 
B)  schemas 
C)  biases 
D)  frames

Question 2

After taking a fall off your horse,you seem to have temporarily lost your memory for past events.The doctor will most likely say that you suffer from:

Accepted Answer

A)  cryptomnesia 
B)  retrograde amnesia 
C)  anterograde amnesia 
D)  absentmindedness

Question 3

Forgetting the store where you bought your blue sweater is analogous to _____.Thinking that the red sweater is yours when you actually borrowed it from your sister is analogous to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  source misattribution; absentmindedness 
B)  absentmindedness; source misattribution 
C)  the sleeper effect; cryptomnesia 
D)  cryptomnesia; the sleeper effect

Question 4

After a plane crash,Sherrod wakes up in the hospital and can remember everything about his life.The doctor comes in,introduces himself,and explains the course of treatment.The next day,Sherrod believes he has never met the doctor and asks him to explain the proposed treatment.The doctor is likely to diagnose Sherrod with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a concussion 
B)  retrograde amnesia 
C)  anterograde amnesia 
D)  absentmindedness

Question 5

Nadia changed her computer password on Monday.On Friday,she realizes that she failed to change the password in one system.When she tries to get in with her old password,she cannot remember it; her new password keeps coming to mind.Nadia's problem is due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking 
B)  persistence 
C)  proactive interference 
D)  retroactive interference

Question 6

Many people who have been convicted of crimes based on eyewitness testimony are later found,through DNA evidence,not to be guilty.Which of the following statements is a common reason for why eyewitness testimony may lead to false convictions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eyewitness confidence is not a reliable indication of the accuracy of the story. 
B)  Eyewitnesses are usually not questioned seriously enough by the defense. 
C)  Eyewitnesses frequently lie to make their stories more dramatic. 
D)  Judges instruct juries to prioritize eyewitness testimony over other evidence.

Question 7

Lashley's idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is contradicted by the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  equipotentiality 
B)  consolidation 
C)  fire together, wire together 
D)  concurrent storage

Question 8

Forgetting over time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  bias 
B)  blocking 
C)  transience 
D)  absentmindedness

Question 9

You study Spanish during your freshman and sophomore years of college,but then take a Portuguese class your senior year.You have trouble learning Portuguese because of all the Spanish you learned.This effect is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference 
B)  retroactive interference 
C)  relearning 
D)  both B and C

Question 10

Joanna's boyfriend,Kyle,has been arrested for robbery.Joanna believes that Kyle was with her all that day.However,a teacher claims that Joanna was on a field trip.If the police had an fMRI scanner,they could evaluate Joanna's memory.If Joanna's memory is accurate,then her recalling the day of the robbery should activate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the areas of the brain involved in telling the truth 
B)  the same areas as other memories of being with Kyle 
C)  different areas than remembering the field trip 
D)  both B and C

Question 11

The storage phase of information processing lasts:

Accepted Answer

A)  a fraction of a second 
B)  several seconds 
C)  several minutes 
D)  variable amounts of time

Question 12

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  rehearsal 
C)  retrieval 
D)  storage

Question 13

Uchenna has been studying for his philosophy midterm all day.It is now 3:00 AM,and the exam is at 8:00 AM the same morning.The best thing that Uchenna can do now to increase his chances of doing well on the exam is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  keep reviewing the material 
B)  relate the material he has learned to his own life 
C)  get some sleep 
D)  write some sample essays

Question 14

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear.She believes she is remembering her second birthday,but she cannot remember for sure.The earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _____ because until that time her _____ lobes were too immature.

Accepted Answer

A)  third; frontal 
B)  third; temporal 
C)  fifth; frontal 
D)  fifth; temporal

Question 15

Anita started to talk at 9 months and was speaking fluently by the time she was a year old; she crawled at 13 months and was walking at 15 months.Xenia started to talk at 14 months and was speaking fluently just after her second birthday; she crawled at 10 months and was walking by her first birthday.One theory of childhood amnesia might predict that _____ will have memories from an earlier age because of her _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anita; better linguistic capacity 
B)  Anita; cognitive precocity 
C)  Xenia; increased capacity to explore 
D)  Xenia; higher level of motor skill

Question 16

Colt is an excellent quarterback.One skill that contributes to his ability is that he sees the players not just as individuals,but as units that can be called on to make different plays.This skill enables him to process the game more efficiently and to hold more information about the game in his short-term memory.Colt is using the memory strategy of:

Accepted Answer

A)  visualization 
B)  imaging 
C)  chunking 
D)  linking

Question 17

In a memory experiment,participants in Group A are asked to just listen to a list of words.Group B is asked to count the number of words that begin with the letter e.Group C is asked to repeat each word as they hear it.Group D is asked to use each word in a sentence.According to Craik and Watson's levels of processing model,which group would later remember more of the words on the list?

Accepted Answer

A)  Group A 
B)  Group B 
C)  Group C 
D)  Group D

Question 18

Yu-Ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her.She believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal.The research suggests that this _____ memory is _____ ordinary memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  photographic; more accurate than 
B)  photographic; as accurate as 
C)  flashbulb; more accurate than 
D)  flashbulb; as accurate as

Question 19

Sally used to live in a small town in Iowa,but she moved to New York City about 10 years ago.When she sends holiday cards to her friends in Iowa,she has trouble remembering their zip codes and can think of only ones in New York.This phenomenon is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive interference 
B)  retrograde amnesia 
C)  proactive interference 
D)  anterograde amnesia

Question 20

You memorize your four-digit PIN number for your bank card,but you also store this number on your phone.You keep your bank card and your phone in your backpack,and a thief steals your backpack.When you get your new bank card,you have to make up a new PIN,but every time you try to withdraw money,you can only remember the old PIN.What best explains this combination of remembering and forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas 
B)  decay 
C)  amnesia 
D)  interference

Exam 7: Attention and Memory