Question 1

What is the connection between epinephrine, the flight-or-fight response, and memory modulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the connection between epinephrine, the...

Question 2

Epinephrine is not found in neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The phosphorylation of _______ is impaired in old rats.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phosphorylation of _______ is impaired in...

Question 4

One reason the basolateral region of the amygdala (BLA) is believed to be the primary mediator of epinephrine's influence on memory is because it has many anatomical connections with other regions of the brain that store memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Unlike adrenaline, _______ can directly enter the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike adrenaline, _______ can directly enter the...

Question 6

Inhibiting the output of the locus coeruleus will interfere with memory storage because no epinephrine will be released by the adrenal gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Old rats are significantly impaired when the retention interval is seven days. Explain why. Is this impairment reversible?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Old rats are significantly impaired when the...

Question 8

The amygdala consists of many subnuclei, but only neurons in the BLA are critical for memory modulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Norepinephrine is released by the _______, into the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Norepinephrine is released by the _______, into...

Question 10

The adrenal hormone epinephrine has been shown to _______. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  impair memory retrieval when inject immediately following avoidance conditioning 
B)  enhance memory retrieval when injected several hours after avoidance conditioning 
C)  enhance avoidance memory retrieval in a time dependent manner 
D)  enhance memory retrieval for visual scenes 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

What were the results of experiments in which lidocaine or clenbuterol were injected into the BLA?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the results of experiments in...

Question 12

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine directly enters the brain. 
B)  Epinephrine binds to receptors on the vagus nerve. 
C)  The nucleus accumbens release norepinephrine into many brain regions. 
D)  Inhibiting adrenergic receptors in the amygdala enhances memory. 
E)  The locus coeruleus is release norepinephrine into the amygdala.

Question 13

When a beta-adrenergic agonist such as clenbuterol is injected into the BLA following avoidance training, _______. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  translation of Arc protein in the hippocampus will be enhanced 
B)  translation of Arc protein in the hippocampus will be reduce 
C)  memory for avoidance training will be enhance 
D)  there will be no effect on memory 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

How was strychnine, a lethal poison, used to study memory modulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How was strychnine, a lethal poison, used...

Question 15

Old rats show enhance phosphorylated CREB.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If propranolol is injected into the amygdala following a place-learning task, the rat's memory for the platform location will be impaired.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The flow of energy in cells is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The flow of energy in cells is...

Question 18

The strength of the memory trace can be modified for up to ten hours after its formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Glucose but not epinephrine can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

McGaugh used strychnine to inhibit memory modulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Memory Modulation Systems

What is the connection between epinephrine, the flight-or-fight response, and memory modulation?

Epinephrine is not found in neurons.

The phosphorylation of _______ is impaired in old rats.

One reason the basolateral region of the amygdala (BLA) is believed to be the primary mediator of epinephrine's influence on memory is because it has many anatomical connections with other regions of the brain that store memories.

Unlike adrenaline, _______ can directly enter the brain.

Inhibiting the output of the locus coeruleus will interfere with memory storage because no epinephrine will be released by the adrenal gland.

Old rats are significantly impaired when the retention interval is seven days. Explain why. Is this impairment reversible?

The amygdala consists of many subnuclei, but only neurons in the BLA are critical for memory modulation.

Norepinephrine is released by the _, into the _.

The adrenal hormone epinephrine has been shown to _______. (Select all that apply.)

What were the results of experiments in which lidocaine or clenbuterol were injected into the BLA?

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

When a beta-adrenergic agonist such as clenbuterol is injected into the BLA following avoidance training, _______. (Select all that apply.)

How was strychnine, a lethal poison, used to study memory modulation?

Old rats show enhance phosphorylated CREB.

If propranolol is injected into the amygdala following a place-learning task, the rat's memory for the platform location will be impaired.

The flow of energy in cells is called _______.

The strength of the memory trace can be modified for up to ten hours after its formation.

Glucose but not epinephrine can cross the blood-brain barrier.

McGaugh used strychnine to inhibit memory modulation.