Question 1

The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the group's

Accepted Answer

A)  status.
B)  structure.
C)  cohesiveness.
D)  norms. B

Question 2

According to the text, a strategy for gaining a concession is the

Accepted Answer

A)  overjustification technique.
B)  underjustification technique.
C)  transparency technique.
D)  door-in-the-face technique. D

Question 3

How individuals are affected by the presence of others is the focus of study in the field of

Accepted Answer

A)  Sociology.
B)  Social psychology.
C)  Experimental psychology.
D)  Sociobiology B

Question 4

When the Titanic sank, ________ percent of the females and _______ percent of the males survived.

Accepted Answer

A)  60, 25
B)  80, 40
C)  70, 20
D)  65, 45

Question 5

Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression
B)  grief
C)  guilt
D)  anger

Question 6

The __________ hypothesis states that frustration tends to lead to aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration-aggression
B)  biological instinct
C)  social learning
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 7

Which technique should be taught to children to promote enduring altruistic tendencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offer prizes for the ones that are most helpful during a certain time frame.
B)  Show them Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
C)  Immediately punish any aggression.
D)  Instill a sense of guilt.

Question 8

Which is a method to reduce prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed-status contact
B)  mutual exclusivity
C)  groupthink
D)  mutual interdependence

Question 9

According to Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is

Accepted Answer

A)  the norm of social responsibility.
B)  the norm of social contract.
C)  the norm of efficacy.
D)  the norm of reciprocity.

Question 10

In his classic studies of conformity, Asch demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  size of the majority does not influence how many people will conform.
B)  a majority of one produces about as much conformity as a majority of eight.
C)  lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform.
D)  obedience to authority was determined by the authority's perceived referent power.

Question 11

Researchers had participants working in a room either by themselves or with two strangers. When smoke was pumped into the room through a vent, the solitary participant

Accepted Answer

A)  noticed the smoke quicker than those in groups.
B)  was less likely to act.
C)  thought the smoke was a fire.
D)  finished the task quickly.

Question 12

Calvin asks his mother for ice cream with strawberries and nuts on top. She refuses. He then asks for a cookie, and she grants his request. Calvin has successfully used the

Accepted Answer

A)  overjustification technique.
B)  foot-in-the-door technique.
C)  door-in-the-face technique.
D)  underjustification technique.

Question 13

Milgram's shock study showed people to be surprisingly

Accepted Answer

A)  rebellious.
B)  intelligent.
C)  sexist.
D)  obedient.

Question 14

In Latane and Darley's research involving staging an epileptic seizure, _________ percent of those who thought they were alone and ________ percent of those who thought there were others left the room to seek aid.

Accepted Answer

A)  66, 24
B)  76, 42
C)  85, 31
D)  90, 54

Question 15

According to the text, one possible reason why people in New York are less helpful is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they have more things to do than people in smaller environs.
B)  reciprocity does not work as well in big cities as in smaller groups.
C)  they feel they are superior to people in smaller environs.
D)  they have not internalized the social responsibility norm.

Question 16

From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why

Accepted Answer

A)  someone risked his life to help a stranger.
B)  someone paid his daughter's hospital bill.
C)  someone risked his life to help his father.
D)  someone risked his life to help his daughter.

Exam 4: Human Behavior and Interactions