Question 1

Animal studies provide conclusive data because these models usually have a physiological corollary to humans and can be used for the foundation to build future research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Original research can only be synthesized by researchers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

An example of filtered information is systematic reviews.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Rank the levels of evidence from the bottom of the pyramid (10) to the top (1). 
__________ case-series
__________ all-or-none
__________ outcomes research
__________ systematic review of randomized controlled trials
__________ systematic review of single case-control study
__________ systematic review of cohort studies
__________ individual randomized controlled studies
__________ individual cohort study
__________ single case-control study
__________ expert opinion and bench research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rank the levels of evidence from the...

Question 5

Ecological research, like other forms of epidemiological research, focuses on individuals and disease rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Primary studies is an example of filtered information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the difference between all-or-none studies and case-series studies? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  All-or-none studies' participants must all respond to the treatment. 
B)  All-or-none studies involve a series of individual study participants. 
C)  All-or-none studies are quite rigorous. 
D)  All-or-none studies require a large number of individual subjects to be conclusive.

Question 8

What are the reasons why randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not commonly found in exercise science and health literature? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  RCTs have large-scale research designs. 
B)  RCTs require a small number of participants in order to ensure the study is done accurately. 
C)  RCTs must control for outside influences on outcomes. 
D)  RCTs can be very expensive to administer.

Question 9

A unique feature of the strength of taxonomy is that it focuses on disease-oriented evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which is NOT a reason why a systematic review is the highest sublevel in levels 1, 2, and 3 in the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine's evidence pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic reviews are considered unfiltered information. 
B)  Systematic reviews use existing research studies and compile them into a single research finding. 
C)  Systematic reviews often systematically compile and synthesize primary studies. 
D)  Systematic reviews are considered secondary studies.

Question 11

When trying to decide which is the best flexibility program for a pregnant client, choose the program based on the evidence from an individual cohort study over that from outcomes research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What are the reasons secondary studies are considered to provide stronger evidence when compared with primary studies? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary studies are where researchers recruit and collect the data on the subjects. 
B)  Secondary studies synthesize existing original research. 
C)  Secondary studies are considered filtered information. 
D)  Secondary studies can be systematic reviews.

Question 13

Measures that focus on the qualities or aspects of the disease, are collected by a clinician, and help with the understanding of the current state of the disease are called ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Measures that focus on the qualities or...

Question 14

Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials are considered higher level evidence because researchers have control over recruitment of subjects and collection of their data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Physiological evidence and bench research are both a type of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physiological evidence and bench research are both...

Question 16

A letter grade assigned to groups of existing studies that address an important clinical problem by using patient-oriented measures is called _______________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A letter grade assigned to groups of...

Question 17

Which is NOT a criterion that the strength of recommendation taxonomy emphasizes for groups of studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Validity 
B)  Quantity 
C)  Applicability 
D)  Reliability

Question 18

What are the reasons that randomized controlled studies are higher than cohort studies in the evidence-based pyramid? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomized controlled studies are unfiltered information. 
B)  Randomized controlled studies involve two groups. 
C)  Randomized controlled studies use a control group. 
D)  Randomized controlled studies have a treatment as part of the design.

Question 19

Levels of evidence are used as a quick reference to determine the strength of the research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What are the pros of using expert opinion evidence for your practice? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Expert opinions are usually good summaries of current best practices. 
B)  Expert opinions are perceived as very useful to practitioners. 
C)  Expert opinions are created based on complete and high-quality evidence. 
D)  Expert opinions are often easy to translate into practice.

Exam 1: What Is Evidence-Based Practice

Animal studies provide conclusive data because these models usually have a physiological corollary to humans and can be used for the foundation to build future research.

Original research can only be synthesized by researchers.

An example of filtered information is systematic reviews.

Ecological research, like other forms of epidemiological research, focuses on individuals and disease rates.

Primary studies is an example of filtered information.

What is the difference between all-or-none studies and case-series studies? Select all that apply.

What are the reasons why randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not commonly found in exercise science and health literature? Select all that apply.

A unique feature of the strength of taxonomy is that it focuses on disease-oriented evidence.

Which is NOT a reason why a systematic review is the highest sublevel in levels 1, 2, and 3 in the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine's evidence pyramid?

When trying to decide which is the best flexibility program for a pregnant client, choose the program based on the evidence from an individual cohort study over that from outcomes research.

What are the reasons secondary studies are considered to provide stronger evidence when compared with primary studies? Select all that apply.

Measures that focus on the qualities or aspects of the disease, are collected by a clinician, and help with the understanding of the current state of the disease are called ________________.

Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials are considered higher level evidence because researchers have control over recruitment of subjects and collection of their data.

Physiological evidence and bench research are both a type of ___________.

A letter grade assigned to groups of existing studies that address an important clinical problem by using patient-oriented measures is called _______________________________.

Which is NOT a criterion that the strength of recommendation taxonomy emphasizes for groups of studies?

What are the reasons that randomized controlled studies are higher than cohort studies in the evidence-based pyramid? Select all that apply.

Levels of evidence are used as a quick reference to determine the strength of the research.

What are the pros of using expert opinion evidence for your practice? Select all that apply.