Question 1

Using at least five appropriate technical terms and their associated theories covered in this chapter, define
the circumstances in which you are most and least likely to accept the story of a friend as being true (e.g., a supposed memory of their first roller-coaster ride).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using at least five appropriate technical terms...

Question 2

In the Bransford & Franks (1971) experiment subjects incorrectly reported recognizing the "three" phrase "The ants ate the sweet jelly that was on the table" as an "old" sentence despite the fact that that particular set of propositions had never been presented together in one sentence. This type of error illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  The misinformation effect 
B)  Evidence for semantic integration 
C)  Good technical accuracy 
D)  A high level of "hits"

Question 3

By nearly unanimous agreement, the semantic unit that codes meaning is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By nearly unanimous agreement, the semantic unit...

Question 4

Why might it be argued that the apparent special status of "flashbulb memories"
is unnecessary, despite protestations to the contrary?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might it be argued that the...

Question 5

In the leading questions/memory distortion work by Loftus, participants were shown a video of a car crash and then asked how fast the cars were going when they hit/smashed/collided/bumped/contacted each other. The between-group difference in the immediate report of the speeds the cars were traveling (e.g., across the smashed and contacted groups) likely indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory is vulnerable to suggestibility 
B)  The experimenter's question provided a cue that helped recall 
C)  The experimenter's question filled in the missing gaps in the participant's memory 
D)  The original memory decayed over time

Question 6

Node-plus-pathway and list-of-arguments (semantic cases) are both methods for representing propositions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is one of Schacter's "sins of omission"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Misattribution 
B)  Persistence 
C)  Bias 
D)  Absent-mindedness

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to lead to stronger memory distortions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imagining that an event occured 
B)  Thinking about the propositions in a question 
C)  Writing down a question 
D)  Identifying the "header" in a question

Question 9

According to Schank and Abelson (1977), only one concept is necessary to activate a script.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A script involves knowing about:

Accepted Answer

A)  The details of a personal experience 
B)  A sequence of actions related to a specific event 
C)  Information stored in episodic memory 
D)  The constructive nature of memory

Question 11

Flashbulb memories seem to depend on distinctiveness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A long-term memory representation of some complex event, such as going to the dentist:

Accepted Answer

A)  A script 
B)  A proposition 
C)  A mnemonic 
D)  A semantic case

Question 13

Shock and unexpectedness are critical for the retention of flashbulb memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In Schacter's (1999) view, the sin of absent-mindedness is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Incorrect semantic associations 
B)  Source misattribution 
C)  Distorting memory for past events 
D)  Failure of attention during encoding

Exam 8: Using Knowledge in the Real World

Using at least five appropriate technical terms and their associated theories covered in this chapter, define the circumstances in which you are most and least likely to accept the story of a friend as being true (e.g., a supposed memory of their first roller-coaster ride).

By nearly unanimous agreement, the semantic unit that codes meaning is called a ________.

Why might it be argued that the apparent special status of "flashbulb memories" is unnecessary, despite protestations to the contrary?

Node-plus-pathway and list-of-arguments (semantic cases) are both methods for representing propositions.

Which of the following is one of Schacter's "sins of omission"?

Which of the following is most likely to lead to stronger memory distortions?

According to Schank and Abelson (1977), only one concept is necessary to activate a script.

A script involves knowing about:

Flashbulb memories seem to depend on distinctiveness.

A long-term memory representation of some complex event, such as going to the dentist:

Shock and unexpectedness are critical for the retention of flashbulb memories.

In Schacter's (1999) view, the sin of absent-mindedness is primarily due to: