Question 1

Compared with school-age children,preschoolers __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spend more time involved in tasks 
B)  are more focused on tasks 
C)  are more attentive 
D)  are more easily distracted

Question 2

In developing countries,widespread __________ leads to growth stunting and an estimated 1 million childhood deaths each year.

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  AIDS 
C)  measles 
D)  malaria

Question 3

The __________ maintains alertness and consciousness.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  reticular formation

Question 4

Itzel,a Yucatec Mayan preschooler,is hungry.She is most likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decide for herself when and how much to eat 
B)  ask her mother to make her a meal 
C)  wait until the family's set mealtime to eat 
D)  make a pretend meal for herself and her dolls to "eat"

Question 5

Which statement about strategies for early word learning is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutual exclusivity explains how preschoolers reconcile multiple names for the same object. 
B)  Children's first several hundred nouns mostly refer to objects organized by color or shape. 
C)  Preschoolers figure out many word meanings by observing how words are used in the structure of sentences. 
D)  Preschoolers' vocabularies do not grow as quickly when parents inform them directly about which words to use.

Question 6

Spatial skills __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase exponentially in early childhood 
B)  support children's improved executive function 
C)  develop gradually over childhood and adolescence 
D)  are typically housed in the left hemisphere

Question 7

Four-year-old Noam focuses on his own viewpoint and assumes that others perceive,think,and feel the same way he does.Noam's thinking is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  animistic 
B)  magical 
C)  egocentric 
D)  operational

Question 8

Which statement regarding handedness is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a genetic bias favoring left-handedness. 
B)  Handedness is strongest for complex skills requiring extensive training. 
C)  Left-handedness occurs less frequently among people with mental illness than in the general population. 
D)  Right-handedness is associated with prenatal and birth difficulties that can result in brain damage.

Question 9

Language skills __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peak during adolescence 
B)  are usually located in the right hemisphere 
C)  develop gradually during early childhood 
D)  expand at an astonishing pace in early childhood

Question 10

Dominic is left-handed.He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be left-handed or right-handed.What can you tell him about the roles of nature and nurture in handedness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dominic is left-handed.He would like to know...

Question 11

Dr.Kahng shows a group of preschoolers a tray with a set of 10 familiar items.She then takes the tray out of the room and asks the children to name the items they saw.Dr.Kahng is testing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition memory 
B)  recall memory 
C)  sustained attention 
D)  episodic memory

Question 12

By the school years,__________ U.S.children are,on average,½ to 1 inch shorter than their __________ counterparts.

Accepted Answer

A)  low-SES; economically advantaged 
B)  overweight; average weight 
C)  high-SES; economically disadvantaged 
D)  obese; underweight

Question 13

Two-year old Salomé placed a crayon on paper and quickly drew a line across the page,explaining,"Car zooms!" Which statement best describes Salomé's drawing progress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her gestures rather than the resulting scribbles contained the intended representation. 
B)  Her gesture made a recognizable shape, and then she labeled it. 
C)  She used lines to represent the boundaries of objects. 
D)  Her drawing was complex and realistic.

Question 14

Which statement is supported by research on individual differences in motor skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental factors have little impact on sex differences in motor skills. 
B)  Sex differences in motor skills decrease with age, but remain great throughout childhood. 
C)  Adult involvement in young children's motor activities should focus on the correct technique. 
D)  The social climate created by adults can enhance or dampen preschoolers' motor development.

Question 15

When preschoolers are given tasks that are simplified and relevant to their everyday lives,they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot reason effectively 
B)  do not infer others' intentions 
C)  do not display the illogical characteristics that Piaget saw 
D)  cannot engage in reasoning by analogy about physical changes

Question 16

Four-year-old Jasmine is shown two identical tall glasses of water and agrees that they contain the same amount of liquid.When the liquid is poured into a short,wide container,she says that there is more water in the shorter container because it is "all spread out." Jasmine is demonstrating a lack of understanding of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  centration 
C)  dual representation 
D)  reversibility

Question 17

The pituitary gland releases hormones that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  induce growth 
B)  coordinate movement 
C)  enhance memory 
D)  help us find our way

Question 18

Fibers linking the __________ to the __________ grow and myelinate from birth through the preschool years,contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum; cerebral cortex 
B)  corpus callosum; reticular formation 
C)  reticular formation; cerebellum 
D)  cerebral cortex; hippocampus

Question 19

At Plymouth Elementary,first- through third-graders learn in a multiage classroom where children of varying ages and abilities work in groups,teaching and helping one another.This classroom emphasizes the Vygotskian principle of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery learning 
B)  independent exploration 
C)  peer collaboration 
D)  directed teaching

Question 20

Three-year-old Trayvon realizes that thinking takes place inside his head and is becoming aware that he can think about something without seeing,touching,or talking about it.Trayvon is developing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an elaborative style 
B)  a repetitive style 
C)  metacognition 
D)  magical thinking

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood