Question 1

Phonological awareness is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly associated with later reading success 
B)  unrelated to literacy development 
C)  a strong predictor of later spelling achievement 
D)  a strong predictor of later math achievement

Question 2

The leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  malnutrition 
B)  diarrhea 
C)  childhood diseases 
D)  unintentional injuries

Question 3

In addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar,4-year-old Kenotae is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication.Kenotae is learning to master the social side of language,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonetics 
B)  linguistics 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  semantics

Question 4

Casey suffered damage to the cerebellum.Casey will most likely display both __________ and __________ deficits.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional; problem-solving 
B)  motor; cognitive 
C)  cognitive; social 
D)  emotional; motor

Question 5

Yucatec Mayan parents __________ their preschoolers.

Accepted Answer

A)  rely on conversation to teach 
B)  spend very little time with 
C)  rarely converse or play with 
D)  engage in rough-and-tumble play with

Question 6

When adults draw with children and point out the resemblances between drawings and objects,preschoolers' pictures __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain more distortions 
B)  become simpler and less fanciful 
C)  become more comprehensible and detailed 
D)  contain fewer details

Question 7

Preschool television programming with slow-paced action and easy-to-follow narratives is associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reading fewer books 
B)  placing less value on achievement in high school 
C)  improved executive function 
D)  less elaborate make-believe play

Question 8

Piaget called children's self-directed utterances __________ speech,reflecting his belief that young children have difficulty taking the perspectives of others.

Accepted Answer

A)  inner 
B)  egocentric 
C)  private 
D)  collaborative

Question 9

Children learning Chinese,Japanese,and Korean acquire __________ much sooner and more readily than their English-speaking agemates.

Accepted Answer

A)  nouns 
B)  adjectives 
C)  verbs 
D)  language

Question 10

Although rates of left-handedness are relatively high in tribal and village cultures,in a study of one such society in New Guinea,individuals who __________ were far more likely to be extremely right-handed.

Accepted Answer

A)  had a left-handed parent 
B)  had intellectual disabilities 
C)  did not engage in athletic activities 
D)  had attended school in childhood

Question 11

Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________,which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.

Accepted Answer

A)  fast-mapping 
B)  an expansion 
C)  overregularization 
D)  a recast

Question 12

In the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project,those who attended preschool were __________ likely than their no-preschool counterparts to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; own their own homes 
B)  less; be married 
C)  more; have earned both high school and college degrees 
D)  more; have been involved with the criminal justice system

Question 13

For most children,the left cerebral hemisphere __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is especially active between 3 and 6 years and then levels off 
B)  shows slow activity throughout early and middle childhood 
C)  shows a slight growth spurt between ages 8 and 10 
D)  peaks between 1 and 3 years and decreases slowly throughout early childhood

Question 14

Piaget believed that __________ leads to internal images of experience,which children then label with words.

Accepted Answer

A)  imagination 
B)  intentional behavior 
C)  sensorimotor activity 
D)  role playing

Question 15

Which Piagetian principles continue to influence early childhood teacher training and classroom practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery learning, sensitivity to children's readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences 
B)  egocentrism of thinking, inability to conserve, and lack of hierarchical classification 
C)  whole-group instruction, verbal presentation of ready-made knowledge, and learning styles 
D)  normative standards, whole-group instruction, and acceptance of individual differences

Question 16

In Paul's preschool classroom,children are encouraged to choose activities from a rich variety of materials designed to promote exploration.This preschool emphasizes the Piagetian principle of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  acceptance of individual differences 
B)  sensitivity to children's readiness to learn 
C)  discovery learning 
D)  scaffolding

Question 17

As children's bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  balance improves greatly 
B)  their center of gravity shifts upward 
C)  gross-motor development slows 
D)  fine-motor development slows

Question 18

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release __________,which is necessary for brain development and for growth hormone (GH)to have its full impact on body size.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  estrogen 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  oxytocin

Question 19

In industrialized nations,childhood diseases have declined dramatically during the past half-century,largely as a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generous government nutrition programs 
B)  government-funded health care 
C)  widespread immunization of infants and young children 
D)  a reduction in the number of viral and bacterial infections worldwide

Question 20

Over time,children rely on increasingly effective __________ to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive schemes 
B)  dual representation 
C)  centered thinking 
D)  mental approaches

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood