Question 1

The main subjects in Thorndike's research were

Accepted Answer

A)  dogs that salivated. 
B)  rats that escaped electric shock. 
C)  pigeons that pecked lighted disks. 
D)  cats that escaped puzzle boxes. 
E)  rats that pressed a bar for food pellets.

Question 2

The finding that Siamese fighting fish are likely to win a fight if they are first given a warning regarding the presence of an intruder in their territory suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive behaviour is learned. 
B)  even in fish, there is a "home-court." 
C)  preparation is the key to winning aggressive encounters in the animal world. 
D)  classical conditioning has important biological functions. 
E)  operant conditioning has important biological functions.

Question 3

Conditioned reinforcers acquire their reinforcing properties through their association with secondary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In Njegovan & Weisman's study, Chickadees learned to discriminate a two-note song faster if

Accepted Answer

A)  it was novel to them. 
B)  they were reinforced. 
C)  it had a higher pitched first note. 
D)  they were familiar with the learning context. 
E)  the relative pitch of the two notes was more similar.

Question 5

The name of the procedure in which the UCS no longer follows the CS is

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  elimination.

Question 6

Suppose that you are trying to teach a child how to write the letter "D."At first you praise her for just writing anything on a piece of paper. Gradually, though, you praise her only as her scribbles begin to look more and more like the letter "D."The method you are using to teach the child to write is

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  shaping by successive approximations. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  response cost. 
E)  fading.

Question 7

The cat used to start to purr whenever your family were setting the table for their meal. But since your family decided that you would not give the cat any treats from the table, she has stopped purring. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  generalization 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  conditional emotional response. 
E)  extinction.

Question 8

Pavlov's original research on glandular secretion headed in a direction that he had not originally intended when he noticed that his dogs

Accepted Answer

A)  began salivating before being fed. 
B)  would not salivate until they were fed. 
C)  failed to salivate. 
D)  salivated every time that they saw him. 
E)  salivated profusely while being fed.

Question 9

In operant conditioning, consequences are always defined in terms of the effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  the organism. 
B)  behaviour. 
C)  thoughts and emotions. 
D)  the antecedent stimuli. 
E)  the environment.

Question 10

One factor that influences the strength of a conditional response is the intensity of the UCS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The discipline of behaviour pharmacology uses the principles of classical conditioning and the action of drugs to study the influence of drugs on behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Through classical conditioning, an organism learns

Accepted Answer

A)  about reinforcing stimuli. 
B)  how to execute a response to obtain a reinforcer. 
C)  that some stimuli predict important events. 
D)  the three-term contingency. 
E)  about aversive stimuli.

Question 13

The term that describes the relationship between discriminative stimuli, behaviour, and the behaviour's consequences is

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  the three-term contingency. 
E)  vicarious learning.

Question 14

One reason for the adaptive significance of classical conditioning is that the animal learns

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid dangerous situations. 
B)  to behave appropriately if reinforced with positive stimuli. 
C)  that neutral stimuli have desirable properties. 
D)  to recognize stimuli that signal important events and to respond fast and effectively. 
E)  that a CS will follow a UCS and that each is different.

Question 15

What is the three-term contingency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the three-term contingency?...

Question 16

In the three term contingency, the consequence will occur

Accepted Answer

A)  only if the discriminative stimulus occurs subsequent to the response. 
B)  only if the operant behaviour has occurred. 
C)  whether the discriminative stimulus occurs or not. 
D)  whether the operant behaviour has occurs or not. 
E)  less frequently in the presence of a discriminative stimulus.

Question 17

A stimulus becomes a conditioned reinforcer through

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  vicarious learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  insight learning. 
E)  respondent learning.

Question 18

Learning always produces changes in observable behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Responses tend to be repeated if, in the past, they produced satisfying outcomes. This statement captures the essence of

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of effect. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  habituation. 
E)  evolution.

Question 20

What do punishment and negative reinforcement have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both can be used to increase behaviour. 
B)  Both can be used to decrease behaviour. 
C)  Both involve aversive stimuli. 
D)  Both involve the removal of appetitive stimuli. 
E)  Neither involves aversive stimuli.

Exam 7: Learning and Behaviour

The main subjects in Thorndike's research were

The finding that Siamese fighting fish are likely to win a fight if they are first given a warning regarding the presence of an intruder in their territory suggests that

Conditioned reinforcers acquire their reinforcing properties through their association with secondary reinforcers.

In Njegovan & Weisman's study, Chickadees learned to discriminate a two-note song faster if

The name of the procedure in which the UCS no longer follows the CS is

The cat used to start to purr whenever your family were setting the table for their meal. But since your family decided that you would not give the cat any treats from the table, she has stopped purring. This is an example of

Pavlov's original research on glandular secretion headed in a direction that he had not originally intended when he noticed that his dogs

In operant conditioning, consequences are always defined in terms of the effect on

One factor that influences the strength of a conditional response is the intensity of the UCS.

The discipline of behaviour pharmacology uses the principles of classical conditioning and the action of drugs to study the influence of drugs on behaviour.

Through classical conditioning, an organism learns

The term that describes the relationship between discriminative stimuli, behaviour, and the behaviour's consequences is

One reason for the adaptive significance of classical conditioning is that the animal learns

What is the three-term contingency?

In the three term contingency, the consequence will occur

A stimulus becomes a conditioned reinforcer through

Learning always produces changes in observable behaviour.

Responses tend to be repeated if, in the past, they produced satisfying outcomes. This statement captures the essence of

What do punishment and negative reinforcement have in common?