Question 1

How does classical conditioning explain the extinction of a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does classical conditioning explain the extinction...

Question 2

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented. It does not refer to any recurrence of the response in a random fashion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In classical conditioning, the stimulus which elicits a response the first time it is presented to an organism is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus.

Question 4

What is the partial-reinforcement effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the partial-reinforcement effect?...

Question 5

Articles of clothing or other features that are repeatedly paired with sexual arousal or pleasure may become ________ for such reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconditioned responses 
B)  Conditioned responses 
C)  Conditioned stimuli 
D)  Unconditioned stimuli

Question 6

In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. After many pairings of the tone and the meat powder, they would salivate when the tone was presented alone. In this case, the tone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  an unconditioned response. 
C)  a conditioned stimulus 
D)  a conditioned response.

Question 7

How does punishment compare and contrast with negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does punishment compare and contrast with...

Question 8

In higher-order conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus and response are actually previously conditioned stimuli and responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

For punishment to be effective it should be

Accepted Answer

A)  initially weak and thencreasedtensity. 
B)  relatively mild. 
C)  used only occasionally to keep the subject off guard. 
D)  applied immediately after the undesirable behaviour

Question 10

Food, water and sex are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned responses. 
B)  secondary reinforcers. 
C)  conditioned reinforcers. 
D)  primary reinforcers

Question 11

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  learning new responses. 
B)  learning to make an existing responseto a new stimulus 
C)  decreasing the frequency of an existing response.
Dcreasing the frequency of an existing response.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a response initially learned through classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A phobia 
B)  A fear of a dentist's drill 
C)  Hunger 
D)  Preference for spicy foods

Question 13

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 14

Jane misbehaves around her parents, who do not discipline her, but does not misbehave in the presence of her grandparents, who reward her only when she behaves appropriately. The difference in her behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  discrimination 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanking a child for runningto the street 
B)  Not allowing a teenager to use the car for a week because he came very late on the previous weekend 
C)  Sending a child to his room until he finishes cleaning it 
D)  Grounding a child because she has not done her chores

Question 16

A procedure whereby subjects are given reinforcers for performing behaviours which get closer and closer to some target behaviour is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  tracing. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  flooding.

Question 17

Both punishment and negative reinforcement are used to decrease the probability of a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, the balloon is the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 19

Carrie fed her cat canned tuna fish that was opened with an electric can opener. Even when she was merely opening a can of corn, her cat responded physically as if it were about to be fed. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the

Accepted Answer

A)  corn. 
B)  tuna fish 
C)  sound of the electric can opener. 
D)  eating behaviours.

Question 20

What is behaviour modification?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is behaviour modification?...

Exam 5: Learning

How does classical conditioning explain the extinction of a conditioned response?

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented. It does not refer to any recurrence of the response in a random fashion.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus which elicits a response the first time it is presented to an organism is called the

What is the partial-reinforcement effect?

Articles of clothing or other features that are repeatedly paired with sexual arousal or pleasure may become ________ for such reactions.

In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. After many pairings of the tone and the meat powder, they would salivate when the tone was presented alone. In this case, the tone is an example of

How does punishment compare and contrast with negative reinforcement?

In higher-order conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus and response are actually previously conditioned stimuli and responses.

For punishment to be effective it should be

Food, water and sex are examples of

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following except

Which of the following is not a response initially learned through classical conditioning?

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the

Jane misbehaves around her parents, who do not discipline her, but does not misbehave in the presence of her grandparents, who reward her only when she behaves appropriately. The difference in her behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?

A procedure whereby subjects are given reinforcers for performing behaviours which get closer and closer to some target behaviour is called:

Both punishment and negative reinforcement are used to decrease the probability of a response.

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, the balloon is the

Carrie fed her cat canned tuna fish that was opened with an electric can opener. Even when she was merely opening a can of corn, her cat responded physically as if it were about to be fed. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the

What is behaviour modification?