Question 1

A researcher develops a test in which participants are first given a list of types of fruit that includes the words "grapes, bananas, apples, oranges, and cherries" and asked to identify which is the longest. A while later, they are given the word stem "ban_____" and are asked to complete the word as quickly as possible. When a participant fills out the word by writing "banana," he or she is exhibiting what is called a(n) _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) implicit 
B) procedural 
C) semantic 
D) recognition

Question 2

Younger children tend to rely more on _____ than older children.

Accepted Answer

A) internal cues for encoding and retrieval 
B) external cues for encoding and retrieval 
C) external cues for encoding and internal cues for retrieval 
D) internal cues for encoding and external cues for retrieval

Question 3

Which statement concerning memory is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while implicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines. 
B) Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while implicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan. 
C) Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while explicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines. 
D) Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while explicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan.

Question 4

Research on aging and memory has shown that

Accepted Answer

A) declines in memory first become noticeable around age 50. 
B) older people experience difficulty on all memory tasks. 
C) reliance on data from cross-sectional studies may mean that what appear to be age differences in memory are due to other factors. 
D) the severity of memory loss is unrelated to age.

Question 5

The main distinction between short-term memory and working memory is that working memory is

Accepted Answer

A) larger. 
B) unconscious. 
C) actively processed. 
D) sensory based.

Question 6

According to Siegler's "overlapping waves theory," cognitive development is best conceptualized as

Accepted Answer

A) random in nature. 
B) a set of stages. 
C) controlled by unconscious factors. 
D) a process of variability, choice, and changes.

Question 7

The fact that people are unable to recall events that took place during the first two years after birth is called infantile _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that people are unable to...

Question 8

On a political science test, Barack is asked to write down the name of the main democratic presidential candidate in the United States in 2008. He has no idea of the answer, so he asked his teacher for a hint. The teacher says, "I can tell you this, when he won my friend said, "oh mama." With the hint, Barack is now being presented with a _____ memory task.

Accepted Answer

A) cued-recall 
B) recognition 
C) recall 
D) implicit

Question 9

Implicit memory is to explicit memory as

Accepted Answer

A) unintentional is to deliberate. 
B) retrieval is to storage. 
C) cued it to uncued. 
D) effort is to automatic.

Question 10

What problem-solving advancements did Robert Siegler suggest occur between infancy and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What problem-solving advancements did Robert Siegler suggest...

Question 11

Deferred imitation always

Accepted Answer

A) involves a reflex action. 
B) occurs after a delay between seeing an action and the response. 
C) reflects the method of loci. 
D) indicates that an implicit memory has been activated.

Question 12

Which memory strategy is being used when a long number is memorized by breaking it into manageable subunits each containing three digits?

Accepted Answer

A) Chunking 
B) Method of loci 
C) Implicit memory 
D) Rehearsal

Question 13

Which is true regarding the development of learning and memory in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Older children have a greater information-processing capacity and know more about their memorization strategies than younger children do. 
B) Older children have a greater information-processing capacity, but younger children know more about their memorization strategies than older children do. 
C) Older children know more about their memorization strategies, but younger children have a greater information-processing capacity. 
D) Older children have a lesser information-processing capacity and know less about their memorization strategies than younger children do.

Question 14

Who would be most likely to describe the process of reading and understanding this test question by focusing exclusively on the concepts of an "external stimulus" and an "overt response," with no discussion of the mind?

Accepted Answer

A) Larry, who is a behaviorist 
B) Curly, who is a psychoanalyst 
C) Moe, who is a cognitive-oriented theorist 
D) Shemp, who is a Piagetian

Question 15

While trying to solve a math problem, Vector is able to come up with a strategy that might work. Unfortunately, Vector's math performance does not improve by using the strategy. This situation best exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A) autobiographical memory. 
B) cued recall. 
C) the method of loci. 
D) utilization deficiency.

Question 16

Six-month-old Trent saw his dad blink three times when he held a baby bottle. An hour after this occurred, Trent sees a baby bottle and blinks three times. This action would best be described as _____ imitation.

Accepted Answer

A) deferred 
B) implicit 
C) serial 
D) decentered

Question 17

Why are the memory abilities of a 10- to 12-year-old better than the abilities of a 4- to 5-year-old?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are the memory abilities of a...

Question 18

The most accurate summation of declines in information-processing skills in older adults is that they are

Accepted Answer

A) both inevitable and universal. 
B) neither inevitable nor universal. 
C) inevitable but not universal. 
D) universal but not inevitable.

Question 19

Which process would best be described as "holding information"?

Accepted Answer

A) Perception 
B) Retrieval 
C) Storage 
D) Encoding

Question 20

In a police lineup, a witness is shown a group of potential perpetrators that includes the actual perpetrator. He or she is then asked to point to the individual who committed the crime. The basic premise of this method involves assessing _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) recall 
B) cued-recall 
C) implicit 
D) recognition

Exam 8: Memory and Information Processing