Question 1

The concepts we use to aid in our mental representation of our world are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inborn in our natural understanding of the world 
B)  based on visual images of the information they represent 
C)  organized into hierarchical categories 
D)  randomly consolidated from our everyday experiences

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics can lead to correct judgments. 
B)  Heuristics usually lead to incorrect judgments. 
C)  Heuristics are the only ways to solve well-structured problems. 
D)  Heuristics involve deductive reasoning.

Question 3

When we think about the world there are three conceptual levels that we use to categorize our knowledge. Typically, our thinking of the world falls within the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  subordinate category 
B)  superordinate category 
C)  basic level category 
D)  mid-level category

Question 4

Viewing a pencil as only a writing instrument is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness 
B)  a mental set 
C)  an algorithm 
D)  a phoneme

Question 5

Who is most associated with the ideas of fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raymond Cattell 
B)  L. L. Thurstone 
C)  Alfred Binet 
D)  David Wechsler

Question 6

Describe the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning and give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the difference between inductive and deductive...

Question 7

The dominant perspective in the nature-nurture debate today is called ____

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics 
B)  interactionism 
C)  environmentalism 
D)  complementary functionalism

Question 8

According to cognitive researchers, when you see your friend's new car and then later recall what the car looked like, the stored image you are recalling is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an exact copy of the sensory image that was sent to your visual cortex from your retina 
B)  a mixture of pictorial and verbal pieces that are based on your actual sensory experience and your general knowledge of cars 
C)  a language-based description of the car without any visual components 
D)  a digitized visual image consisting of thousands of pixels

Question 9

Fluid intelligence is most likely to involve ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge 
B)  experience 
C)  speed of learning 
D)  judgment

Question 10

In Sue Savage-Rumbaugh's attempt to teach English to a Bonobo, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phoenix was able to carry out a complex sequence of instructions 
B)  Kanzi learned language by observing his step-mother being taught language 
C)  Matata quickly acquired a rich, expressive vocabulary 
D)  Alex's speech took social context into account

Question 11

If your 13-month-old child uses the noun "drink" to refer only to juice and not to other liquids that are also drinks, he is exhibiting a common language tendency called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  telegraphic speech 
B)  underextension 
C)  overextension 
D)  phonemes

Question 12

Lora watches a certain news network that is well known for its harshly negative portrayals of the followers of a specific religion. When she visits a university campus and meets followers of that religion, she has an immediate, negative response. Lora's use of a(n) ____ is contributing to her prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic 
B)  prototype 
C)  fuzzy construct 
D)  archetype

Question 13

A researcher who administers an intelligence test to fifth graders and then compares their test results to the grades they earn in school is most likely trying to determine the test's ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability 
B)  significance 
C)  validity 
D)  dependability

Question 14

Ignoring the true probability or base rate of events is a potential drawback when using ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  risk aversion 
B)  an exemplar 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  insight

Question 15

The first step in problem solving is to ____ the problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  represent 
B)  analyze 
C)  identify 
D)  reconceptualize

Question 16

Logan has an autism spectrum disorder and has a great deal of difficulty understanding the social rules involved in conversation. Logan is having difficulty with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  connotations 
B)  syntactics 
C)  grammar 
D)  pragmatics

Question 17

Image-scanning studies suggest that visual images in our minds are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily language-based 
B)  without definite shape or size 
C)  mental copies of the real stimulus 
D)  digital, rather than analog

Question 18

Which item belongs to the superordinate category?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dog 
B)  Spaniel 
C)  Animal 
D)  Camel

Question 19

What is one of Howard Gardner's nine multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bodily-kinesthetic 
B)  Analytical 
C)  Aesthetic 
D)  Creativity

Question 20

If asked, many people would state that car accidents are a more frequent cause of death in the United States than strokes. However, the truth is that car accidents are just more sensational than the more frequent strokes. This mistake would be an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic 
B)  inductive reasoning 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  prototypical thinking

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence