Question 1

Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon's theory.

Accepted Answer

The three body types are the endomorphic (soft,fat),the mesomorphic (athletically built),and the ectomorphic (tall,skinny).

Question 2

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A modification of classical theory in which it is conceded that certain factors,such as insanity,might inhibit the exercise of free will.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory C

Question 3

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The fundamentally psychoanalytic theories that assume that people are basically good even though they are sometimes influenced by society to act badly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory J

Question 4

Criminological theory refers to the explanation and causation of criminal behavior,but not to explanations of police behavior or the behavior of other actors in the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that there is a contradiction between the cultural goal of achieving wealth and the social structure's inability to provide legitimate institutional means for achieving the goal.Alternately,a theory that crime is caused by the inability of juveniles to achieve status among peers by socially acceptable means.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 6

Psychopaths,sociopaths,or antisocial personalities are characterized by no sense of guilt,no subjective conscience,and no sense of right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,extinction,punishment,and modeling or imitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 8

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that assumes that society is based primarily on conflict between competing interest groups,that criminal law and the criminal justice system are used to control subordinate groups,and that crime is caused by relative powerlessness.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 9

Several modifications of classical theory are collectively referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   conflict theory
B)   radical theory
C)   positivist theory
D)   neoclassical theory

Question 10

According to learning theory,through imitationor modeling,a person can learn new responses,such as criminal behavior,by observing others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The theory that human behavior,including criminal behavior,is motivated by a hedonistic rationality,in which actors weigh the potential pleasure of an action against the possible pain associated with it.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 12

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-This type of theory of crime causation is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 13

The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalysis.
B)   ecology.
C)   history.
D)   sociology.

Question 14

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminological theory
B)  Classical theory
C)  Neoclassical theory
D)  Positivism
E)  Biological theoryF) Criminal anthropologyG) Body-type theoryH) Modern biocriminologyI) Psychoanalytic theoryJ) Humanistic psychological theoryK) Social disorganization theoryL) Anomie or strain theoryM) Differential association theoryN) Learning theoryO) Social control theoryP) Labeling theoryQ) Conflict theoryR) Radical theoryS) British or left realismT) Peacemaking criminologyU) Feminist theoryV) Postmodern theory

Question 15

Extinction is the presentation of an aversive stimulus to reduce a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to conflict theorists,criminal law and the criminal justice system are used by dominant groups to control subordinate ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following theories is associated with the first large-scale study of crime in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   anomie theory
B)   functionalist theory
C)   labeling theory
D)   social disorganization theory

Question 18

For Emile Durkheim,the cause of crime is ____,that is,the dissociation of the individual from the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   anomie; collective conscience
B)   sui generis; collective conscience
C)   sociopathy; sui generis
D)   sui generis; anomie

Question 19

Administering testosterone to male sex offenders has been found to reduce their sexual drives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is the commission of crime subsequent to the first criminal act and the acceptance of a criminal label?

Accepted Answer

A)   atavism
B)   secondary deviance
C)   anomie
D)   primary deviance

Exam 3: Explaining Crime

Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon's theory.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A modification of classical theory in which it is conceded that certain factors,such as insanity,might inhibit the exercise of free will.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -The fundamentally psychoanalytic theories that assume that people are basically good even though they are sometimes influenced by society to act badly.

Criminological theory refers to the explanation and causation of criminal behavior,but not to explanations of police behavior or the behavior of other actors in the criminal justice system.

Psychopaths,sociopaths,or antisocial personalities are characterized by no sense of guilt,no subjective conscience,and no sense of right and wrong.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,extinction,punishment,and modeling or imitation.

Several modifications of classical theory are collectively referred to as:

According to learning theory,through imitationor modeling,a person can learn new responses,such as criminal behavior,by observing others.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -This type of theory of crime causation is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals.

The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Extinction is the presentation of an aversive stimulus to reduce a response.

According to conflict theorists,criminal law and the criminal justice system are used by dominant groups to control subordinate ones.

Which of the following theories is associated with the first large-scale study of crime in the United States?

For Emile Durkheim,the cause of crime is ,that is,the dissociation of the individual from the .

Administering testosterone to male sex offenders has been found to reduce their sexual drives.

Which of the following is the commission of crime subsequent to the first criminal act and the acceptance of a criminal label?