Question 1

Which type of theorist emphasizes the functional value of interactions among people

Accepted Answer

A)   social communication theorist 
B)   behaviourist 
C)   nativist theorist 
D)   cognitive theorist A

Question 2

In Masuda and Nisbett's study on cognitive styles,what was the difference between Japanese and American participants in their reports of what they had seen after viewing fish and underwater objects

Accepted Answer

A)   Japanese participants tended to identify focal objects such as the fish whereas the Americans tended to identify background stimuli. 
B)   Americans tended to identify focal objects such as the fish whereas Japanese tended to identify background stimuli. 
C)   Both groups identified equal numbers of focal and background stimuli. 
D)   The results were inconclusive. B

Question 3

Kamini is playing with her dolls and she points to one of her dolls and says to you,"Her wented out to a party yesterday night." This is a sentence that she has never heard another person say.Such utterances provide evidence against which view of language

Accepted Answer

A)   interactionist 
B)   cognitive 
C)   nativist 
D)   behaviourist D

Question 4

Juliana used to enjoy eating chicken,but since she has seen all the headlines about people becoming ill from eating chicken,she has decided she will never eat chicken again.What influenced Juliana's decision to stop eating chicken

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence effect 
B)   representativeness heuristic 
C)   conjunction fallacy 
D)   availability heuristic

Question 5

What occurs when the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat"

Accepted Answer

A)   The number of phonemes increase, but the number of morphemes stays the same. 
B)   The number of phonemes and morphemes both increase. 
C)   The number of phonemes stay the same, but the number of morphemes increase. 
D)   The number of phonemes decrease, but the number of morphemes increase.

Question 6

Three-year-old Isaiah used to say "mick" when he wanted a drink of milk.Now he can say "milk" quite clearly.What language component has Isaiah improved in this instance

Accepted Answer

A)   morphemes 
B)   phonemes 
C)   syntax 
D)   linguistic heuristics

Question 7

Which term refers to the deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses

Accepted Answer

A)   phonemic overextension 
B)   belief perseverance 
C)   linguistic relativity 
D)   semantic slanting

Question 8

Outline the key properties of language and use these properties to evaluate the ape-language controversy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline the key properties of language and...

Question 9

After seeing your new neighbour walking very stiffly and primly by your house wearing horn-rimmed glasses on a chain,a cardigan sweater,and her hair in a bun,you decide she must be a librarian.What are you using to make this judgment

Accepted Answer

A)   subjective probability 
B)   subjective utility 
C)   availability heuristic 
D)   representativeness heuristic

Question 10

In Canada,the Inuit have their own language and culture.For example,they have numerous words for snow which are absent in English language.According to Whorf,what is a result of these differences in language

Accepted Answer

A)   The Inuit experience a broader perception of snow. 
B)   Those who speak English only, experience a broader perception of snow. 
C)   Bilingual non-Inuits experience a broader perception of snow than those who speak only English or French. 
D)   The perception of snow in Canada are independent of language.

Question 11

At about what age do babies start babbling

Accepted Answer

A)   birth 
B)   1 month 
C)   3 months 
D)   6 months

Question 12

Assume that odds of a new computer requiring any type of service in the first two years are less than 1 in 10.000,and the average cost of any computer service call is only $50.However,Karen pays $200 for a two-year service contract on her new computer.She explains that her peace of mind is well worth the cost of the contract.What is Karen using to make her decision to purchase the service agreement in this case

Accepted Answer

A)   noncompensatory factors 
B)   subjective probability 
C)   expected value 
D)   subjective utility

Question 13

When Graham uses the printer in the library,the paper keeps jamming in the machine.He takes the paper out of the paper tray,fans it,and then flips it over,so the other side of the paper feeds first.This is the way he solves similar problems on the photocopy machine at the office where he works.Which problem-solving heuristic is consistent with Graham's method of solving the problem

Accepted Answer

A)   working backward 
B)   searching for analogies 
C)   means-end analysis 
D)   trial and error

Question 14

What type of understanding is illustrated by Kanzi (the famous bonobo)and his ability to distinguish between "Pour the Coke in the lemonade" and "Pour the lemonade in the Coke"

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax, but not semantics 
B)   both syntax and semantics 
C)   neither syntax nor semantics 
D)   semantics, but not syntax

Question 15

Autumn has been figure-skating since she was 5 years old.She has never placed higher than third in any of the competitions she has been in,but she is still convinced that she will be able to become a professional figure skater in a few years.Her coach and her parents have tried to tell her that not many people make it as professional skaters,but Autumn is convinced that she can beat the odds.What is Autumn doing in this case

Accepted Answer

A)   showing the confirmation bias 
B)   displaying evidence of mental set 
C)   showing belief perseverance 
D)   ignoring base rates

Question 16

Vivian has forgotten the last digit of her locker combination.She carefully tries every number in order until she finds the one that works.What is Vivian using in this case

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness 
B)   an algorithm 
C)   framing 
D)   a heuristic

Question 17

During the 1950s and 1960s,creative new ways of measuring mental processes paved the way for the cognitive revolution.Which of your text's unifying themes does the development of new research methods helps to illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   People's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B)   Psychology is theoretically diverse. 
C)   Behaviour is determined by multiple causes. 
D)   Psychology is empirical.

Question 18

Byron has been watching his new neighbour for a week.She drives a sporty car,carries a phone,and wears nothing but blue business suits.Byron decides his new neighbour must be a lawyer.What did Byron use to form an opinion about his new neighbour's occupation

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias 
B)   base-rate fallacy 
C)   representativeness heuristic 
D)   availability heuristic

Question 19

When Quentin sprained his ankle in a backyard softball game,his girlfriend grabbed a bag of frozen corn from the freezer to wrap around his ankle until they got him to the local clinic.What did Quentin's girlfriend do in this case

Accepted Answer

A)   She effectively utilized the availability heuristic. 
B)   She was able to overcome functional fixedness. 
C)   She demonstrated a mental set in treating Quentin's sprained ankle. 
D)   She successfully utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy.

Question 20

Which statement is consistent with Noam Chomsky's theories of language

Accepted Answer

A)   Reinforcement is the main factor in language learning. 
B)   Biological factors play a relatively minor role in language development. 
C)   There is an inborn biological propensity that guides language learning. 
D)   Language is almost wholly a matter of social learning.

Exam 8: A: Language and Thought