Question 1

For which of the following do we use syntax

Accepted Answer

A)  combining morphemes into words 
B)  combining phonemes to form morphemes 
C)  arranging words into phrases and sentences 
D)  using words symbolically

Question 2

When is working backward a good strategy to follow

Accepted Answer

A)  when you have many options at the beginning of a problem, but few at the end 
B)  when the problem does not have a well-specified goal 
C)  when a problem has obvious subgoals 
D)  when you can recognize the similarity between two problems

Question 3

Scott has been trying to write some computer code,but it isn't working.He decided to go to bed and try again in the morning,and when he started again he immediately detected and fixed the problem.What does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation effect 
B)  field dependence 
C)  searching for analogies 
D)  mental set

Question 4

According to Kahneman and Tversky,when are people much more likely to take risks

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are seeking to avoid losses 
B)  when the issue is framed in terms of probability of success 
C)  when the probability of success is equal to the probability of failure 
D)  when they are not asked to provide rationales for their choices

Question 5

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978)and indicate which of the six approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the three types of...

Question 6

Two-year-old Owen rushes into the kitchen and tells his mother: "Baby throw.Baby bad." He wants her to know that his baby brother is bad because he just threw his toys on the floor.What does Owen's communication illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization 
B)  underextension 
C)  semantic slanting 
D)  telegraphic speech

Question 7

In general,which statement best describes toddlers' language abilities

Accepted Answer

A)  They understand more words than they can say. 
B)  They can say more words than they understand. 
C)  They understand and say about the same number of words. 
D)  They say a lot of words, but we have no idea what they actually understand.

Question 8

Morphemes are the smallest units of which component of language

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax 
B)  sound 
C)  dialect 
D)  meaning

Question 9

You attempt possible solutions to a problem,then discard the ones that don't work until you find one that does.What is this method of problem solving called

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward 
B)  algorithmic 
C)  trial and error 
D)  heuristic

Question 10

Miryam has been following the provincial lottery for over a year,and she has a record of the number of times every number has been selected.She is going to start purchasing tickets for each draw with the same six-number combination on each ticket.She is going to choose the six numbers that have occurred the least frequently in the last year because she is sure they will be picked eventually.What has influenced Miryam's choice of numbers in this case

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  conjunction fallacy 
C)  base rate fallacy 
D)  gambler's fallacy

Question 11

Compare and contrast the behaviourist and nativist theories of language acquisition.What is the interactionist view,and how has it arisen out of dissatisfaction with the other two approaches

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the behaviourist and nativist...

Question 12

At about what age are a child's first words generally spoken

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 5 months 
B)  6 to 8 months 
C)  10 to 13 months 
D)  18 to 21 months

Question 13

Mr.and Mrs.Jones have five daughters.Hoping for a son,they decide to have a sixth child,reasoning that a boy is long overdue.Is their reasoning correct,and why

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. After having so many daughters, a boy is almost a sure thing. 
B)  No. The simple probability of a son is unaffected by the sex of previous children. 
C)  No. It is more likely that Mr. and Mrs. Jones will continue to produce girls. 
D)  Yes. The greater the number of girls a couple has had, the greater the likelihood that the next will be a boy.

Question 14

According to Pinker and Bloom,if the acquisition of language was a trait variation that produced just 1 percent more offspring per generation,how long would it take to see an increase in prevalence from 0.1 percent to 99.9 percent

Accepted Answer

A)  3 generations 
B)  30 generations 
C)  4,000 generations 
D)  40,000 generations

Question 15

Why was the study of cognition discouraged during the first half of the 20th century

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognition was not considered to be a psychological function. 
B)  Earlier studies using the method of introspection had yielded unreliable results. 
C)  Psychodynamic theories were too dominant in the field. 
D)  Language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically.

Question 16

Kailee has learned the word "kitty," but she uses this word when she is referring to cats,bunnies,squirrels,and other small furry animals.What does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  babbling 
B)  fast mapping 
C)  telegraphic speech 
D)  overextension

Question 17

What are people using when they overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because such crimes are repeatedly shown in the media

Accepted Answer

A)  holistic decision model 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  elimination by aspects strategy 
D)  availability heuristic

Question 18

When 3-year-old Garret is colouring a picture of a rainbow,he carefully selects different colours for each stripe.When Garret is asked to name the colours he uses,he confidently answers "blue" each time.Garret can distinguish between the colours,even though he can't accurately name them yet.What does this suggest

Accepted Answer

A)  Social communication theory does not accurately reflect the link between language and behaviour. 
B)  Social communication theory provides an accurate description of the link between language and behaviour. 
C)  The linguistic relativity hypothesis does not accurately reflect the link between thought and language. 
D)  The linguistic relativity hypothesis provides an accurate description of the link between thought and language.

Question 19

When people use language to refer to ethnic or racial groups,the wording is often slanted in either a positive or negative direction.What does this reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  the attitude of the speaker 
B)  the behaviour of the speaker 
C)  the subsequent thoughts of the listener 
D)  the subsequent actions of the listener

Question 20

You've been rolling a die for the last five minutes,and you haven't rolled a 6 even once.What are you using if you predict that the results of the next roll are independent of all other rolls

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  laws of probability 
C)  representativeness heuristic 
D)  gambler's fallacy

Exam 8: A: Language and Thought