Question 1

People who have a snake phobia also tend to become fearful when they see garden hoses or a rope at a distance.This phenomenon illustrates stimulus ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who have a snake phobia also...

Question 2

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) system of self-management. 
B) new type of service contract. 
C) use of higher order conditioning. 
D) illustration of the Premack principle.

Question 4

The best teaching strategies are based on _____, in which students are given enough freedom to actively think about problems and enough direction for their teachers so that they gain useful knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning 
B) response chaining 
C) guided discovery 
D) rote learning

Question 5

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.) that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive map. 
B) cognitive antecedent. 
C) eidetic image. 
D) non-operant response.

Question 6

A critical variable in determining whether modeled behavior will be imitated is

Accepted Answer

A) the attractiveness of the situation in which the model appears. 
B) the unconscious motivation of the learning. 
C) the interpersonal relationship between model and learner. 
D) whether the model is successful or unsuccessful.

Question 7

If you smoke cigarettes, psychologists would urge you to quit so your children won't learn to smoke by

Accepted Answer

A) modeling. 
B) direct reinforcement. 
C) discovery learning. 
D) cognitive mapping.

Question 8

Seven-year-old Jai is watching his favorite television show in which the hero has to use violence in order to defeat the villains and save the city.Which of the following is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) Jai will not imitate the hero's actions since he recognizes that the show is a fantasy, not a real situation. 
B) Jai will be sensitized to the violence, so that he will react more anxiously and negatively toward violence since he has seen it's destructiveness. 
C) Jai will not imitate the hero's actions because he understands that violence is not an acceptable way to solve problems. 
D) Jai is more likely to model the aggression he has seen in the television show.

Question 9

Regarding the use of the three basic tools to control simple learning, which of the following is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is usually best to begin by making liberal use of positive reinforcement, especially praise, to encourage good behavior. 
B) Use extinction by ignoring problem behaviors. 
C) As a last resort, use punishment to help suppress disruptive behaviors. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 10

____ causes responses to extinguish, while _____ suppresses responses.

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization; operant stimulus discrimination 
B) Non-reinforcement; punishment 
C) Punishment; non-reinforcement 
D) Intermittent reinforcement; non-reinforcement

Question 11

Rhonda has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit.So, she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention.Rhonda is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A) breaking up response chaining 
B) cues and antecedents 
C) alternate responses 
D) extinction

Question 12

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home, you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house, even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) shaping. 
C) latent learning. 
D) discovery learning.

Question 13

Compared to learning by rote, discovery learning

Accepted Answer

A) produces better understanding of new problems. 
B) occurs more rapidly. 
C) requires less reinforcement. 
D) skills are gained through observation and practice.

Question 14

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is VERY WRONG about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement...

Question 15

In order for observational learning to take place,

Accepted Answer

A) the learner must pay attention to the model and remember what was done. 
B) the learner must be able to reproduce the modeled behavior. 
C) the learner must be reinforced the first time he or she performs this modeled behavior. 
D) all of these steps must take place.

Question 16

Continuous reinforcement is more resistant to extinction than partial reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Research suggests that children will usually do what

Accepted Answer

A) a parent says and not what the parent does. 
B) television role models do more than what the parent does. 
C) a parent does rather than what the parent says. 
D) a parent wishes the child would do.

Question 18

In Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment, most of the children imitated

Accepted Answer

A) the live adult model, but not the filmed model. 
B) the cartoon model, but not the live adult model. 
C) the cartoon model and filmed model, but not the live adult model. 
D) all of the models, whether live, filmed, or cartoon.

Question 19

In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning occur before the response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

People who have a snake phobia also tend to become fearful when they see garden hoses or a rope at a distance.This phenomenon illustrates stimulus ____________________.

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

The best teaching strategies are based on _____, in which students are given enough freedom to actively think about problems and enough direction for their teachers so that they gain useful knowledge.

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.) that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

A critical variable in determining whether modeled behavior will be imitated is

If you smoke cigarettes, psychologists would urge you to quit so your children won't learn to smoke by

Seven-year-old Jai is watching his favorite television show in which the hero has to use violence in order to defeat the villains and save the city.Which of the following is most likely?

Regarding the use of the three basic tools to control simple learning, which of the following is/are TRUE?

causes responses to extinguish, while _ suppresses responses.

Rhonda has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit.So, she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention.Rhonda is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home, you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house, even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

Compared to learning by rote, discovery learning

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is VERY WRONG about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

In order for observational learning to take place,

Continuous reinforcement is more resistant to extinction than partial reinforcement.

Research suggests that children will usually do what

In Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment, most of the children imitated

In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning occur before the response.

Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.