Question 1

Perceiving the world more accurately can be achieved by

Accepted Answer

A) breaking perceptual habits. 
B) using distracted attention techniques. 
C) becoming more habituated. 
D) immersion in past memories.

Question 2

Skeptics regard the decline effect as evidence that _____ occurred in an ESP test.

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) cheating 
C) a run of luck 
D) leakage

Question 3

Chua, Boland, and Nisbett presented American and Chinese participants with pictures of a figure, such as a tiger, placed on a ground, such as a jungle, and monitored their eye-movement patterns.The Americans tended to focus their eye movements _____, while the Chinese tended to focus their eye movements _____.

Accepted Answer

A) on the figure (the tiger); on the ground (the jungle) 
B) on the ground (the jungle); on the figure (the tiger) 
C) haphazardly; in a structured and coordinated way 
D) in a structured and coordinated way; haphazardly

Question 4

Regarding the inverted vision experiments, which of the following was NOT one of the findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants in the experiment reported that head movements made the world swing violently through space, causing severe headaches and nausea. 
B) At first, the participants found the simplest tasks, such as walking and eating, incredibly difficult. 
C) After several days, the participants began to adapt to the inverted vision and could perform routine activities with some successfully driving a car. 
D) The participants knew that adaptation to the inverted vision goggles was complete when the visual images appeared to be turned upright again.

Question 5

Lakeshia is performing for a talent show by "reading" the thoughts of a "volunteer" from the audience.Lakeshia is showcasing the purported ability of

Accepted Answer

A) telepathy. 
B) precognition. 
C) clairvoyance. 
D) psychokinesis.

Question 6

Immediately after a staged crime, 141 witnesses were questioned in detail with their descriptions being compared with a videotape of this staged crime.The total accuracy score for the group on features, such as appearance, age, weight, and height of the assailant was

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent. 
B) 25 percent. 
C) 50 percent. 
D) 75 percent.

Question 7

You call the Psychic Hotline and talk with a real, live psychic.He tells you about future events in your life that he claims to see.The psychic would possess which psi ability?

Accepted Answer

A) telepathy 
B) precognition 
C) clairvoyance 
D) psychokinesis

Question 8

The fact that American tourists in London tend to look in the wrong direction before stepping into the crosswalks is based on

Accepted Answer

A) sensory localization. 
B) perceptual habits. 
C) sensory gating. 
D) unconscious transference.

Question 9

Personal objectivity requires _____ to maintain.

Accepted Answer

A) frequent reality testing 
B) empathic responding 
C) confidence and high self-esteem 
D) being open to suggestion

Question 10

As a door opens toward you, you perceive it as a rectangular door.As you go through the door, the actual image changes on the retina (from rectangular to trapezoid).However, you still recognize it as a rectangular door.This is an example of perceptual closure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The problem with giving so much weight to eyewitness testimony in court is that

Accepted Answer

A) judges are reluctant to use it. 
B) eyewitnesses are hesitant to testify. 
C) reconstructions of events are deliberately altered. 
D) it is frequently wrong.

Question 12

Experiments in which cats were raised in environments which emphasized one feature over another showed that

Accepted Answer

A) even though cats did not have experience with some features, they could easily learn about them. 
B) there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing feature. 
C) when returned to a normal environment, the cats became frightened and refused to move around. 
D) there was an actual increase in brain cells tuned to the missing feature.

Question 13

Regarding ESP research and its findings, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) After close to 130 years of investigation, it is still impossible to say conclusively whether psi events occur. 
B) A close look at psi experiments often reveals serious problems of evidence, procedure, and scientific rigor. 
C) A skeptic of ESP is a person who is against the parapsychology research. 
D) James Randi is offering a one million dollar prize to anyone who can demonstrate evidence of psi events under standardized conditions.

Question 14

You are presented with interesting visual stimulus.When you look at the visual stimulus vertically, you see the letter B, but when you look at the stimulus horizontally, _____ causes it to be organized as the number 13.

Accepted Answer

A) inverted vision 
B) active movement 
C) adaptation level 
D) context

Question 15

A widespread increase in the reported sightings of UFOs following newspaper reports of similar sightings may be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual defense. 
B) sane delusions. 
C) mass hallucination. 
D) perceptual expectancy.

Question 16

Regarding size constancy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Size constancy helps us make sense of changing stimuli in the world. 
B) In the case of the moon illusion, size constancy can actually hinder us judging the actual size of a object. 
C) Most people have difficulty judging the actual size of an object if they use only one eye, that is, receiving only one retinal image. 
D) Size of an image on the retina directly depends on the distance of that object from the eye and the actual size of the object.

Question 17

Concerning our perceptual ability for external events,

Accepted Answer

A) we see what we believe as well as believe what we see. 
B) our perceptions reflect our needs, expectations, and values. 
C) our subjective perception nurtures the personal vision valued in art, music, poetry, and scientific innovation. 
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 18

An excellent example of how _____ influences our experiences is found in perceptual expectancies.

Accepted Answer

A) top-down processing 
B) bottom-up processing 
C) convergence 
D) perceptual accommodation

Question 19

The phrase we see what we believe refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the manipulation of sensory information by cortical neurons. 
B) schema categories. 
C) perception reflecting the needs, expectations, and beliefs of the perceiver. 
D) perceptual hallucinations.

Question 20

Parapsychology research studies often show

Accepted Answer

A) inconsistency. 
B) an inability to replicate findings. 
C) the "decline effect." 
D) all of these.

Exam 5: Extension B: Perceiving the World