Question 1

Even though the retinal image of an object may change drastically, the object appears unchanged.This is the principle underlying

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual closure. 
B) shape constancy. 
C) ambiguous stimuli. 
D) retinal disparity.

Question 2

When you take a stroll at night, the moon appears to "follow" you.The pictorial cue of _____ explains this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) motion parallax 
B) linear perspective 
C) interposition 
D) retinal disparity

Question 3

Regarding vision and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It has recently become possible for the video surveillance systems in stores to perceive that a robbery is in progress and notify the police. 
B) When you look at a scene, your mind tends to recognize and understand patterns in the messages. 
C) Sensation is the process of bringing information into the nervous system. 
D) As you perceive events, the brain actively selects, organizes, and integrates the information to construct a "picture" or model of the world.

Question 4

_____ processing is like putting together a picture puzzle you've never seen before.

Accepted Answer

A) Bottom-up 
B) Top-down 
C) Horizontal-vertical 
D) Selective

Question 5

_____ involves perceiving the moon as larger when it is low in the sky.

Accepted Answer

A) An impossible figure 
B) An ambiguous figure 
C) The moon illusion 
D) A sane hallucination

Question 6

The pictorial depth cue regarding objects placed higher (closer to the horizon line) being perceived as more distant is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) linear perspective. 
B) texture gradient. 
C) height in the picture plane. 
D) overlap.

Question 7

Regarding depth perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Recent research has shown that depth perception does not begin to develop until four to six months of age. 
B) When placed on the visual cliff, human infants, who are crawling, and newborn animals prefer the shallow end and refuse to go over the edge of the cliff. 
C) Depth perception depends on both brain maturation and individual experience. 
D) Older infants who have just learned to walk must again learn to avoid the "deep" side of the visual cliff with most of their "crash landings" being explained by a lack of coordination.

Question 8

The fact that many people are unconcerned about the gradual depletion of the ozone can be attributed to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Pygmalion effect 
B) size-distance invariance 
C) Boiled frog syndrome 
D) Müller-Lyer illusion

Question 9

When you look into the two classrooms in Hardin Hall, the desks appear to form vertical rows, while the seats that are side-by-side in the Hardin auditorium appear to form horizontal rows.The different perceptual groupings of these seats illustrate which principle?

Accepted Answer

A) closure 
B) contiguity 
C) nearness 
D) figure-ground

Question 10

Camouflage tends to "hide" objects because it breaks up which perceptual pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) closure 
B) figure-ground 
C) contiguity 
D) common region

Question 11

Advertisers who want to capture the attention of consumers would be wise to use

Accepted Answer

A) subliminal messages. 
B) subtle, but factually scientific pleas. 
C) loud, contrasting, and changing stimuli. 
D) smaller print that causes one to put forth effort in order to focus.

Question 12

Regarding motion parallax, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Motion parallax is caused by retinal disparity and the accommodation of the iris of the eye. 
B) Motion parallax refers to the illusion that closer objects move slightly against a background, while distant objects move a sizeable distance. 
C) Relative motion is another name for motion parallax. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 13

If you focus on your fingertip and bring it toward your eyes until they almost cross, you will actually feel convergence.However, if you close one eye, you will not feel an increase in muscle tension as your finger gets closer because convergence

Accepted Answer

A) has habituated. 
B) is a binocular depth cue. 
C) overlap has occurred. 
D) retinal disparity will compensate when one eye is closed.

Question 14

Adding cues for depth when the moon is overhead would

Accepted Answer

A) not cause any illusion of change in the size of the moon. 
B) cause an illusion of the moon being larger. 
C) cause an illusion of the moon being smaller. 
D) cause an illusion of the moon having disappeared.

Question 15

As a door opens toward you, you perceive it as a rectangular door.As you go through the door, the actual image changes on the retina (from rectangular to trapezoid).However, you still recognize it as a rectangular door.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual closure. 
B) shape constancy. 
C) ambiguous stimuli. 
D) retinal disparity.

Question 16

The _____ psychologists proposed that the simplest perceptual organization is constructed by grouping some sensations into an object, or figure, that stands out on a plainer background.

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) behavioral 
C) psychoanalytical 
D) Gestalt

Question 17

Studies of people who have had their vision restored after a lifetime of blindness show that much of perception is

Accepted Answer

A) completely inborn. 
B) due to innate perceptual constancies. 
C) extrasensory. 
D) based on learning and past experience.

Question 18

A young child opens a book and sees the various letters printed on the page.However, this child must assemble these "marks" into meaningful patterns.This process that will allow the child to "read" this book is known as

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation. 
B) perception. 
C) habituation. 
D) sensation.

Question 19

Falsely identifying someone as a friend until he or she comes nearer demonstrates the idea that visual patterns often represent

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual transduction. 
B) duplications of sensory information. 
C) perceptual invariances. 
D) perceptual hypotheses.

Question 20

By looking out a window and moving your head from side to side, one can demonstrate _____ with nearby objects appearing to move a sizeable distance as your head moves and more distant objects appearing to move only slightly.

Accepted Answer

A) linear perspective 
B) interposition 
C) aerial perspective 
D) motion parallax

Exam 5: Extension A: Perceiving the World