Question 1

Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes free will and self-determination and stimulated interest in the psychological needs of love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic psychology 
B) behaviorism 
C) psychoanalytic psychology 
D) functionalism

Question 2

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) behavioristic 
C) humanistic 
D) psychodynamic

Question 3

William James wrote Principles of Psychology and founded

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism. 
B) functionalism. 
C) behaviorism. 
D) humanism.

Question 4

When a psychologist draws and utilizes aspects from many different psychological theories and approaches, we say that the psychologist is

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalytic-behavioral. 
B) a functionalist. 
C) a structuralist. 
D) eclectic.

Question 5

The structuralist school of psychology

Accepted Answer

A) used introspection to analyze conscious experience. 
B) relied heavily on the concept of natural selection. 
C) was concerned with experiences as wholes. 
D) used dream analysis to reveal the unconscious.

Question 6

The functionalists primarily followed the principles of

Accepted Answer

A) economics and the law of supply and demand. 
B) physics and the laws of gravity. 
C) biology and natural selection. 
D) chemistry and the table of elements.

Question 7

Some topics in psychology are difficult to study because

Accepted Answer

A) they overlap with other fields, such as law and business. 
B) of ethical considerations. 
C) advanced technology that measures brain waves is not available. 
D) of a lack of interest in human behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Freud's theories were very involved and extensive, but they ended up contributing very little to our understanding of human behavior. 
B) Freud's theories remain influential today and are largely unchanged from their first conceptualizations. 
C) Almost immediately, many of Freud's students broke away from his theories in order to modify and change them. 
D) Psychodynamic psychology focuses on observable behaviors.

Question 9

Two research studies are conducted on the effects of body piercing on self-esteem.One study found that body piercing increased self-esteem, while the other one found a decrease in self-esteem.If you are a critical thinker, you would

Accepted Answer

A) reject both studies since conflicting results were obtained. 
B) compare the credentials of the psychologists that conducted the studies. 
C) compare how each study was conducted. 
D) accept the one that best fits within your frame of reference.

Question 10

Humanistic psychologists rejected psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism because they deemed both of these viewpoints to be

Accepted Answer

A) unscientific. 
B) too subjective. 
C) too deterministic. 
D) characterized by all of these.

Question 11

Which psychologist advanced the theory that a "designed culture" based on positive reinforcement could encourage desirable behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) William James 
B)  B.F.Skinner 
C) Max Wertheimer 
D) Carl Rogers

Question 12

In order to interrelate concepts and facts and organize a series of observations in a meaningful way, psychologists may develop

Accepted Answer

A) hypotheses. 
B) theories. 
C) surveys. 
D) replications.

Question 13

Which pair of persons had the most similar ideas?

Accepted Answer

A) Titchener------------Skinner 
B) James----------------Darwin 
C) Watson--------------Rogers 
D) Wertheimer---------Maslow

Question 14

Objections to astrology as a science would include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Few astrologer have tried to apply the scientific method to their work. 
B) Compatibility claims based on couples' signs have not been upheld by research. 
C) Astrologer predictions have not been found to be more accurate than would be expected by chance. 
D) All of these are objections to astrology as a science.

Question 15

Sigmund Freud's approach to psychotherapy is known as

Accepted Answer

A) Gestalt therapy. 
B) psychoanalysis. 
C) behavior modification. 
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 16

Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and biochemists, form the broader field of

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary psychology. 
B) cognitive science. 
C) neuroscience. 
D) ethnology.

Question 17

According to your textbook, which of the following is considered to be a pseudo-psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) behaviorism 
C) Gestalt psychology 
D) astrology

Question 18

Kelly is writing a paper on conformity for her psychology class.In order to find the research articles she needs for the paper, the first step for her would be to get an overview of each of the articles that come up in her computer search.She should first read which part of each article?

Accepted Answer

A) abstract 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) discussion review

Question 19

The _____ view is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the activity of the genes, endocrine system, and one's physiology.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioristic 
B) biopsychological 
C) psychodynamic 
D) humanistic

Question 20

Theory building is important in psychology because it

Accepted Answer

A) prevents excessive reliance on empiricism. 
B) reduces the need for hypothesis testing. 
C) relies heavily on naturalistic observation. 
D) provides explanations and guides future research.

Exam 1: Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods