Question 1

"Racial profiling" by law enforcement in which specific racial groups are targeted for questioning or cited more often than other groups for minor infractions, such as illegal lane change is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) stereotyping. 
B) symbolic prejudice. 
C) a personal prejudice. 
D) discrimination.

Question 2

Prejudice based on displaced aggression represents a form of

Accepted Answer

A) projection. 
B) discrimination. 
C) scapegoating. 
D) authoritarianism.

Question 3

Scapegoating

Accepted Answer

A) involves blaming a person or group for conditions not of their making. 
B) is a type of displaced aggression. 
C) often leads to prejudice. 
D) is characterized by all of these.

Question 4

As children, authoritarians were usually

Accepted Answer

A) difficult and oppositional in temperament. 
B) allowed to state their beliefs openly. 
C) severely punished. 
D) happy children, comfortable with both children and adults.

Question 5

_____ is an institutionalized prejudice against members of either sex, based solely on their gender.

Accepted Answer

A) Genderism 
B) Transsexualism 
C) Sexism 
D) Androgyny

Question 6

People with a(n) _____ personality would be more likely to call for severe punishment in schools when they feel threatened, such as when the economy is bad and job insecurities are high.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian 
B) Type A 
C) antisocial 
D) narcissistic

Question 7

Which of the following would NOT be a good way to develop tolerance toward others?

Accepted Answer

A) seek individuating information 
B) develop just-world beliefs 
C) avoid social competition 
D) look for commonalities

Question 8

Creating superordinate goals is an important way to

Accepted Answer

A) reduce group conflict. 
B) break the frustration-aggression link. 
C) promotes bystander intervention. 
D) reverse self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 9

_____ is an expectation that prompts people to act in ways that make the expectation come true.

Accepted Answer

A) A stereotype 
B) A self-fulfilling prophecy 
C) Equal-status contact 
D) A just-world belief

Question 10

Albert Bandura demonstrated in his studies that

Accepted Answer

A) children learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior or learn that violence is "okay." 
B) aversive stimuli leads to heightened arousal making it much more likely that aggression will occur. 
C) aggression is biologically rooted behavior found in all animal species. 
D) frustration leads to aggression.

Question 11

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or co-workers expect you to think about this group as they do, you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) personal prejudice. 
C) group prejudice. 
D) discrimination.

Question 12

_____ has been observed since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, in which people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.

Accepted Answer

A) Stereotyped aggression 
B) Displaced aggression 
C) Symbolic prejudice 
D) Egocentrism

Question 13

In trying to break the prejudice habit, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The decision to give up prejudice eliminates prejudiced thoughts and feelings right away. 
B) Non-prejudiced people may continue to respond emotionally to members of other ethnic groups. 
C) Once prejudice is given up, people lose the stereotypes they learned early in life. 
D) People who really want to break out of the prejudice habit can do so with relatively little effort.

Question 14

Integrated housing projects may lead to an improvement in attitudes toward racial groups when they provide

Accepted Answer

A) carefully designed educational programs. 
B) increased visibility for members of racial groups. 
C) increased contact without differences in status between groups. 
D) clear role models for appropriate behavior.

Question 15

If integrated schools provide equal-status contact, why might prejudice not be reduced?

Accepted Answer

A) the failure of schools to truly integrate 
B) the prejudices of the teachers and administrators 
C) minority-group children being unprepared to compete academically on an equal footing 
D) superordinate goals preventing the minority-group children from succeeding

Question 16

In Aronson's "jigsaw" classroom, students must _____ in order to succeed.

Accepted Answer

A) compete 
B) utilize groupthink 
C) cooperate 
D) set individual goals

Question 17

Misconceptions portrayed by TV include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Minorities are generally portrayed service workers, criminals, victims, or students. 
B) One half of all women are portrayed as teenagers or in their early 20s with more than one third unemployed or serving as emotional support for men or as a sex object. 
C) Most victims are single women, young boys, or people of color. 
D) All of these are misconceptions portrayed by TV.

Question 18

Prejudice is _____, while discrimination is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) an attitude; a behavior 
B) a behavior; a norm 
C) social; personal 
D) an opinion; a judgment

Question 19

Believing that people generally get what they deserve in life is referred to as _____ beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) just-world 
B) multicultural 
C) ethnocentric 
D) egocentric

Question 20

Learning to use the steps in anger control has been shown to

Accepted Answer

A) decrease destructive outbursts. 
B) lessen tendencies toward child abuse. 
C) lessen tendencies toward family violence. 
D) do all of these.

Exam 17: Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior