Question 1

Learning is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) any temporary change in behavior. 
B) a change in behavior due to maturation. 
C) any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. 
D) any permanent change in behavior due to maturation.

Question 2

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry,her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining.She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry,the sound of the door had become a(n)______.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned response

Question 3

John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman.However,John's heart also races when he smells Chanel #5 and other perfumes.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 4

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned response was _______.

Accepted Answer

A) fear of the loud noise 
B) fear of the rat 
C) fear of the experimenter 
D) fear of the laboratory

Question 5

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

Accepted Answer

A) for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B) for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C) after a specific number of responses are given 
D) after a randomly varying number of responses are given

Question 6

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs,and they began to salivate.Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the
Footsteps was a _______.

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer 
C) conditioned response 
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 7

At the National Zoological Park in Washington,D.C.,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A) modeling 
B) shaping 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) secondary learning

Question 8

In an experiment,two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet.One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier.The second group is harnessed and cannot escape.After several trials,both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape.The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines,refusing to attempt to escape.The response of the second group is due to ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) learned helplessness 
B) contingency blocking 
C) latent learning 
D) response generalization

Question 9

In the "Little Albert" study,the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) white rat 
B) loud noise 
C) fear of the rat 
D) fear of the noise

Question 10

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) extinction

Question 11

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a(n)__________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) additive 
C) primary 
D) secondary

Question 12

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph,a machine that records the brain's electrical activity.The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy.This technique is best called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) biofeedback 
B) behavior modification 
C) operant conditioning 
D) neurofeedback

Question 13

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Question 14

Jody has had repeated failures at asking guys out on dates.Finally,she gives u

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning 
B) learned helplessness 
C) insight learning 
D) observational learning

Question 15

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Accepted Answer

A) removed; decreases 
B) presented; increases 
C) presented; decreases 
D) removed; increases

Question 16

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A) classical 
B) operant 
C) social 
D) cognitive

Question 17

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his shee

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning 
B) latent learning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) conditioned taste aversions

Question 18

In classical conditioning,one must be sure to pair the:

Accepted Answer

A) US and CS. 
B) US and UR. 
C) CS and CR. 
D) CS and UR.

Question 19

A child is wetting his or her bed.According to our textbook,punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior.You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident.This is because negative punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) observational learning

Exam 4: Learning