Question 1

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a bell)after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food)in Pavlov's learning experiment,little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) counterconditioning 
B) instinctive drift 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 3

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) blinking in response to a flash of light 
B) studying in order to get a teacher's approval 
C) sneezing in response to dust 
D) pulling one's hand away from a flame

Question 4

Thorndike was known for his work with ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) a Skinner box 
B) a puzzle box 
C) modeling 
D) monkeys

Question 5

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) intelligence formation 
C) imprinting 
D) cognition

Question 6

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 7

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive mapping 
B) vicarious learning 
C) latent learning 
D) insight

Question 8

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can BEST use employee pay to shape her employees' behavior.She is interested in short-term productivity (speed),not consistency,long-term productivity,or employee turnover.According to reinforcement theory,she should probably use a _______ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 9

If a dog salivates when it sees a green light or a yellow light,it is exhibiting ________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) higher-order conditioning 
D) extinction

Question 10

"If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence,it will tend to be repeated.If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence,it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) the law of positive reinforcement 
B) Rescorla's cognitive perspective 
C) Thorndike's Law of Effect 
D) Garcia's conditional emotional response

Question 11

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something.One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI JOE action figure.His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining.What will happen?

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) extinction 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) discrimination

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about applied behavior analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves the process of shaping. 
B) It is useful only for teaching autistic children. 
C) It is different from behavior modification. 
D) It cannot be used with animals.

Question 13

A ____________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic biological need,such as hunger,thirst,or touch.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) negative 
C) positive 
D) secondary

Question 14

Sherry wants her dog to "heel" on command.At first she gives the dog a treat for coming to her when she speaks the command,"Heel!" Then she only rewards the dog when it stands at her side when she gives the command and,finally,she rewards the dog only when it is at her side and facing front.Sherry is using ______.

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning. 
B) biological readiness. 
C) shaping. 
D) generalization.

Question 15

The apparatus that has come to symbolize the theory of operant conditioning is the:

Accepted Answer

A) Rubik's cube. 
B) Skinner box. 
C) Pavlov bell. 
D) Thorndike puzzle.

Question 16

According to Rescorla's theory,the CS must ___________ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

Accepted Answer

A) replace 
B) come after 
C) appear simultaneously with 
D) predict

Question 17

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week,you reward yourself with a treat.This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) fixed interval

Question 18

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers have found that only human beings are capable of insight learning. 
B) Researchers have found support for the existence of animal insight learning. 
C) Researchers have found that apes are capable of insight only after being taught this by humans. 
D) Researchers have proven that all creatures,even one-celled organisms such as the amoeba,are capable of insight learning.

Question 19

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener.In this example,the _____________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) can of cat food 
B) sound of the electric can opener 
C) dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D) cat scurrying into the kitchen

Question 20

Cognitive learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A) an association between events or phenomena. 
B) an association between responses. 
C) an association between behavior and its consequences. 
D) internal representations of events in the world.

Exam 4: Learning