Question 1

The table pictured here provides a list of eight abilities that all reflect intelligence. Which of the following theorists is most likely to endorse this view of multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

A) Lewis Terman 
B) Louis L. Thurstone 
C) Howard Gardner 
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 2

The word "school" is used to describe the place where teachers and students can be found. It can also be used to describe a college, a kindergarten, and a place in which people learn to cut hair or play a musical instrument. "School" in this example is a:

Accepted Answer

A) formal concept. 
B) natural concept. 
C) prototype. 
D) heuristic.

Question 3

When LaToya got her new computer, she carefully followed the steps described in the manual, and by the end of the evening, her new computer was up and running. LaToya used:

Accepted Answer

A) an algorithm. 
B) a heuristic. 
C) insight. 
D) trial and error.

Question 4

People with _____ typically have impaired social interactions, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication skills, engage in repetitive or odd motor behaviors, and have highly restricted routines and interests.

Accepted Answer

A) intellectual disability 
B) autism spectrum disorder 
C) neurodiversity disease 
D) functional fixedness

Question 5

State lottery commissions capitalize on the _____ by running many TV commercials showing that lucky person who won the $100 million Powerball jackpot. A vivid memory is created, which leads viewers to an inaccurate estimate of the likelihood that the event will happen to them.

Accepted Answer

A) availability heuristic 
B) availability algorithm 
C) representativeness heuristic 
D) representativeness algorithm

Question 6

When Louis Pasteur said "Chance favors the prepared mind," he was talking about one particular ingredient that is central to creative thinking. What is that ingredient?

Accepted Answer

A) choosing the goal of creativity 
B) reinforcing intrinsic motivation 
C) engaging in problem finding 
D) acquiring relevant knowledge

Question 7

The new Aristographic Creativity Scale had test and retest scores that were highly similar, but it lacked predictive value. In addition, there was some uncertainty about precisely what ability the test was actually measuring. The Aristographic Creativity Scale has:

Accepted Answer

A) high validity but low reliability. 
B) high reliability but low validity. 
C) high validity and high reliability. 
D) low validity and low reliability.

Question 8

Which of the following individuals developed and promoted the use of the intelligence quotient or IQ as a measure for intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) Alfred Binet 
B) David Wechsler 
C) Charles Spearman 
D) Lewis Terman

Question 9

When Dr. Cera, an expert on intelligence testing, is asked if it is possible to design an intelligence test that is culture-free, she is most likely to suggest that it is:

Accepted Answer

A) not possible, because intelligence itself is not free of cultural influence 
B) possible, because intelligence is genetically determined 
C) possible, because intelligence itself is not affected by cultural influences 
D) not possible, because nobody has yet formulated a theory of what intelligence is

Question 10

A test designed to assess a person's capacity to benefit from education or training is called a(n) _____ test.

Accepted Answer

A) achievement 
B) aptitude 
C) alpha 
D) beta

Question 11

Robert Sternberg believes:

Accepted Answer

A) that successful intelligence involves three distinct mental abilities. 
B) that most studies of animal cognition are seriously flawed. 
C) that there is one general intelligence, or g factor. 
D) that there are eight distinct and independent factors involved in intelligence.

Question 12

Like Binet, Wechsler believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence was a single global ability that could be quantified in a single IQ score. 
B) intelligence involved a variety of mental abilities. 
C) intelligence was primarily a function of genetic inheritance. 
D) IQ scores had little or no correlation with academic success.

Question 13

According to research by Claude Steele and other psychologists, how does stereotype threat tend to impair performance?

Accepted Answer

A) Irrelevant mental images and concepts come to mind, which interfere with insight, intuition, and creativity. 
B) Mental sets are produced, which interferes with effective problem solving and performance. 
C) Functional fixedness is experienced, which interferes with flexible and creative problem solving. 
D) The fear that one might confirm the stereotype negatively affects the ability to carry out an action.

Question 14

Animal communication research has shown that:

Accepted Answer

A) parrots like Alex can only "parrot" or mimic speech and have no understanding of what they are "saying." 
B) chimpanzees like Kanzi appear to be able to learn symbols and comprehend spoken English. 
C) animals can communicate, but there is no evidence that they are capable of using language even in the most elementary way. 
D) only humans can communicate and use language.

Question 15

Desmond and Deirdre are two biological siblings who are being reared in the same home. Their IQ scores are much more similar that those of Glen and Giselle, who are biological siblings who were separated as infants and are being raised in different homes. The fact that the IQ scores of Desmond and Deirdre are much more similar than the IQ scores of Glen and Giselle provides evidence for the influence of _____ on intelligence and IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

A) the environment 
B) genes 
C) standardization and validity 
D) linguistic relativity

Question 16

In many ways, creativity depends on:

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness. 
B) usefulness. 
C) heuristics. 
D) problem finding.

Question 17

Rachel took longer to agree with the statement "An ostrich is a bird" than the statement "A crow is a bird, " because for Rachel an ostrich is dissimilar to her _____ of the category "bird."

Accepted Answer

A) formal concept 
B) heuristic 
C) prototype 
D) stereotype

Question 18

_____ means that a test is given to a large representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.

Accepted Answer

A) Standardization 
B) Reliability 
C) Validity 
D) Representativeness

Question 19

When David goes to graduate school, he wants to investigate aspects of the heredity-environment debate as it relates to human intelligence. He is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) use cross-cultural research to explore the effect of different languages on intellectual development and perception. 
B) conduct twin studies. 
C) explore creativity and intuition. 
D) study cognitive abilities in primates and other animals for clues about the origins of human intelligence.

Question 20

Wechsler's test provided scores on 11 subtests measuring different abilities, which are grouped to provide an overall _____ and _____ for the test taker.

Accepted Answer

A) mental age; chronological age 
B) verbal score; performance score 
C) aptitude score; achievement score 
D) validity score; reliability score

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence