Question 1

In tests,elephants have demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of algorithms. 
B)  the availability heuristic. 
C)  self-awareness. 
D)  overconfidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of creativity as described by Robert Sternberg?

Accepted Answer

A)  expertise 
B)  imaginative thinking skills 
C)  a creative environment 
D)  extrinsic motivation

Question 3

Our intuitions are feelings and thoughts that are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic. 
B)  explicit. 
C)  conscious. 
D)  systematic.

Question 4

Nathan does not realize that he can reach his office faster by taking several side roads because he has always used the highway without any problems.Nathan is suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  overconfidence. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  a fixation.

Question 5

You are the commissioner of a state lottery system that sponsors daily and weekly drawings.Lottery tickets have not been selling well over the past few months.Describe four ways you could take advantage of people's use of the availability heuristic to boost sales.Explain why you would judge your tactics to be fair or unfair to your customers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are the commissioner of a state...

Question 6

A single,memorable case of welfare fraud can have a greater impact on people's estimates of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule.This illustrates that judgments are influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  overconfidence. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 7

Describe several heuristics that you might use or that you have used when deciding whether you should (a)study especially hard for a test and (b)ask someone for a date (or accept a date).Under what circumstances are these heuristics likely to contribute to poor decision making?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe several heuristics that you might use...

Question 8

The components associated with creativity include

Accepted Answer

A)  impulsivity and empathy. 
B)  expertise and a venturesome personality. 
C)  a need for control and belief perseverance. 
D)  intuition and overconfidence.

Question 9

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls,Mrs.Zumpano,a second-grade teacher,watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior.Mrs.Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  framing. 
D)  belief perseverance.

Question 10

Many people underestimate the proportion of heart attacks that are not fatal because they are not as memorable as heart attacks resulting in death.This illustrates the shortcoming of relying on

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  trial and error. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  convergent thinking.

Question 11

Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality.Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  the framing effect. 
C)  trial and error. 
D)  algorithms.

Question 12

An effort to "consider the opposite" would be most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  divergent thinking. 
D)  insight.

Question 13

Brandon has formed a(n)________ by mentally grouping all cars together.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set 
B)  heuristic 
C)  concept 
D)  algorithm

Question 14

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics,insight does not involve

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts. 
B)  prototypes. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  strategy-based solutions.

Question 15

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  save time in solving problems. 
B)  yield more accurate solutions to problems. 
C)  minimize the overconfidence phenomenon. 
D)  involve greater reliance on convergent thinking.

Question 16

Convergent thinking involves

Accepted Answer

A)  a sudden realization of a problem's solution. 
B)  searching for information that supports our preconceptions. 
C)  narrowing down the available solutions to a problem. 
D)  clinging to our initial conceptions despite contradictory evidence.

Question 17

Creativity is the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  experience insight. 
B)  develop prototypes. 
C)  solve problems quickly. 
D)  produce novel and valuable ideas.

Question 18

Psychologist Wolfgang Köhler placed a piece of fruit and a long stick outside chimpanzee Sultan's cage.Inside the cage he placed a short stick.After gaining insight into the solution of the problem,Sultan used

Accepted Answer

A)  the short stick to try reaching the long stick. 
B)  the fruit to try retrieving the long stick. 
C)  the long stick to try retrieving the fruit. 
D)  the short stick to try retrieving the fruit.

Question 19

Five components of creativity were identified by ________ and his colleagues.

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter Wason 
B)  Robert Sternberg 
C)  Daniel Kahneman 
D)  Wolfgang Köhler

Question 20

Cognition refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking,remembering,knowing,and

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial rotation. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  communicating.

Exam 26: Storage: Retaining Information