Question 1

When children misbehave,some parents use a time-out,removing the children from their reinforcing surroundings.This practice best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  negative punishment. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 2

Negative reinforcement________ the rate of operant responding,and punishment________ the rate of operant responding.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases;decreases 
B)  decreases;increases 
C)  decreases;decreases 
D)  has no effect on;decreases

Question 3

After receiving a couple of traffic tickets for speeding,Masako no longer drives faster than the legal speed limit.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  punishment.

Question 4

After his mother smiles,Jimmy's request for a snack is reinforced.But if his mother is not smiling,his subsequent request for a snack is not reinforced.By indicating that Jimmy's request for a snack will be reinforced,the mother's smile is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  discriminative stimulus. 
C)  respondent behavior. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 5

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty,she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed.Her parents would be best advised to

Accepted Answer

A)  simply ignore her complaining. 
B)  provide her with a very small drink of water. 
C)  close her bedroom door to indicate that they disapprove of her whining. 
D)  read her a short story so she forgets about wanting a drink.

Question 6

Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  variable-ratio

Question 7

Every Saturday morning,Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car.In this instance,washing the car is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  negative reinforcer.

Question 8

Jessie is learning how to drive.As she drives,the light ahead changes from green to yellow,signaling a specific response.The light is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  respondent behavior. 
C)  discriminative stimulus. 
D)  successive approximation.

Question 9

If children get attention from their parents for doing cartwheels,they will repeat the trick in anticipation of more attention.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  respondent behavior. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  successive approximations.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  applause for an excellent piano recital 
B)  a spanking for eating cookies before dinner 
C)  a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day 
D)  termination of shock after removing one's finger from a live electrical wire

Question 11

During a typical morning,Colin checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regularly scheduled lunch break has arrived.In this case,Colin's behavior is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval 
B)  variable-interval 
C)  fixed-ratio 
D)  variable-ratio

Question 12

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races.This best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcers. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  punishment.

Question 13

In ________,we learn to associate two stimuli;in ________,we learn to associate a response with its consequence.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed conditioning;primary conditioning 
B)  primary conditioning;classical conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning;operant conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning;delayed conditioning

Question 14

Any stimulus that,when removed after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  positive reinforcer. 
D)  negative reinforcer.

Question 15

Stacey tries extra hard in school because she receives 10 dollars for every A she earns on her report card.According to Thorndike's ________,Stacey is more likely to earn As.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  law of effect 
D)  theory of shaping

Question 16

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely,and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.This principle is called

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  the law of effect.

Question 17

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed reinforcer;immediate reinforcer 
B)  operant conditioning;classical conditioning 
C)  partial reinforcement;continuous reinforcement 
D)  conditioned reinforcer;primary reinforcer

Question 18

In teaching her son to play basketball,Mrs.Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still,then only for walking while dribbling,and finally only for running while dribbling.She is using a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  partial reinforcement. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  shaping.

Question 19

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 20

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after a specified time has elapsed is a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Exam 21: Classical Conditioning