Question 1

If an infant watches while a toy that has been hidden in one location is then hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot find the toy. 
B)  cannot decide whether to look for the toy in the old or the new location. 
C)  look for the toy in the old location, indicating that they do not understand that objects exist independently. 
D)  look for the toy in the new location, indicating that they understand that objects exist independently.

Question 2

In contrast to concrete operational thinkers, formal operational thinkers

Accepted Answer

A)  can reach counterfactual conclusions. 
B)  can use mental operations. 
C)  do not confuse appearances with reality. 
D)  are not centered in their thinking.

Question 3

Concrete operational thinking is identical to adult thinking in that children are able to think abstractly and hypothetically for the first time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When a skill has been mastered, individual steps are no longer stored in working memory, which means that more capacity is available for other activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Skills that are automatic require

Accepted Answer

A)  less long-term memory. 
B)  more sensory memory. 
C)  less working memory. 
D)  more working memory.

Question 6

The zone of proximal development refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the highest level of achievement a child can reach by himself. 
B)  the difference between what a child can do with and without help. 
C)  a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner's need. 
D)  comments not intended for others, but intended to help children regulate their own behavior.

Question 7

Piaget's primary approach to investigating the origins of knowledge involved

Accepted Answer

A)  debate. 
B)  introspection. 
C)  experiments with children. 
D)  discussion with other scientists.

Question 8

According to Piaget, preschoolers are in the __________ period of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational

Question 9

Working memory

Accepted Answer

A)  holds visual images for a few seconds. 
B)  is a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
C)  is like a computer's hard drive. 
D)  is the site of ongoing cognitive activity.

Question 10

According to Piaget, the concrete operational child

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot reverse mental operations. 
B)  cannot solve conservation tasks. 
C)  thinks in a way that is limited to the tangible and real. 
D)  does not know that appearances can be deceiving.

Question 11

Children's naïve theories of biology are composed of six elements: movement, growth, internal parts, inheritance, illness, and healing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Private speech

Accepted Answer

A)  eventually becomes inner speech. 
B)  involves talking aloud to others. 
C)  is more likely to occur while performing easy tasks than difficult tasks. 
D)  occurs before children's behavior is regulated by speech from other people.

Question 13

Inhibitory processes

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent task-irrelevant information from entering working memory. 
B)  decrease steadily during childhood. 
C)  increase the number of disruptions from irrelevant information. 
D)  bring the mental tools to mind that are needed for a current task.

Question 14

You clench your fist, rapidly open your hand, then rapidly re-clench your fist. After you re-clench your fist, you momentarily see an image of your fingers extended. That image is stored in

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  the information processor.

Question 15

Which of the following abilities marks the end of the sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to use mental symbols 
B)  the ability to walk without holding a hand 
C)  the ability to talk 
D)  the decline of egocentrism

Question 16

Common symbols used by children in the preoperational stage include words, gestures, graphs, maps,
and models.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Long-term memory

Accepted Answer

A)  is a permanent storehouse of information. 
B)  is like a computer's random-access memory (RAM). 
C)  holds raw, unanalyzed information. 
D)  is the site of ongoing cognitive activity.

Question 18

Assimilation occurs when a child's theories are modified based on experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When Victoria and her father solve puzzles together, they share an understanding of the goals of their activity and of their roles in solving the puzzles. Their relationship illustrates the concept of guided participation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following would violate the principles of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  if identical twins reached the preoperational stage at different times 
B)  if more intelligent children went through the stages faster than less intelligent children 
C)  if a gifted child skipped the concrete operational stage and went directly to the formal operational stage 
D)  if a child went through a revolutionary change of thought at 2 years of age

Exam 6: Theories of Cognitive Development

If an infant watches while a toy that has been hidden in one location is then hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds

In contrast to concrete operational thinkers, formal operational thinkers

Concrete operational thinking is identical to adult thinking in that children are able to think abstractly and hypothetically for the first time.

When a skill has been mastered, individual steps are no longer stored in working memory, which means that more capacity is available for other activities.

Skills that are automatic require

The zone of proximal development refers to

Piaget's primary approach to investigating the origins of knowledge involved

According to Piaget, preschoolers are in the __________ period of cognitive development.

Working memory

According to Piaget, the concrete operational child

Children's naïve theories of biology are composed of six elements: movement, growth, internal parts, inheritance, illness, and healing.

Private speech

Inhibitory processes

You clench your fist, rapidly open your hand, then rapidly re-clench your fist. After you re-clench your fist, you momentarily see an image of your fingers extended. That image is stored in

Which of the following abilities marks the end of the sensorimotor period?

Common symbols used by children in the preoperational stage include words, gestures, graphs, maps, and models.

Long-term memory

Assimilation occurs when a child's theories are modified based on experience.

When Victoria and her father solve puzzles together, they share an understanding of the goals of their activity and of their roles in solving the puzzles. Their relationship illustrates the concept of guided participation.

Which of the following would violate the principles of Piaget's theory?