Question 1

Subtest scores on the WAIS have proven to have practical and clinical value, such as indicating a specific learning disability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Stereotype threat refers to the phenomenon that occurs when members of a group are aware of a negative stereotype about the group and fear that they will be judged in terms of that stereotype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

During World War I, the U.S. military developed the _____ to screen millions of recruits.

Accepted Answer

A)  Army Alpha and the Army Beta tests 
B)  Binet-Simon Intelligence Test 
C)  Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test 
D)  Military Achievement Test (MAT)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true regarding language?

Accepted Answer

A)  The meaning of words as language symbols remains constant and reflects the inflexibility of rule-governed language. 
B)  For most words, the connection between the symbol and the meaning is completely arbitrary. 
C)  The meaning of language symbols is shared among those who use the same language symbols. 
D)  Language is a highly structured system that follows specific rules.

Question 5

Kahal has very conservative political beliefs, and he prefers listening to radio talk shows and reading magazines that are consistent with his views. Kahal's tendency to search only for information and evidence that support his perspective illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fallacy of positive instances. 
B)  overestimation effect. 
C)  confirmation bias. 
D)  belief-bias effect.

Question 6

Can nonhuman animals think? Do they consciously reason? Such questions may be unanswerable. Describe the approach that contemporary comparative psychologists take today instead.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Can nonhuman animals think? Do they consciously...

Question 7

_____ is sometimes most likely to block insight in areas in which you are already knowledgeable or well trained.

Accepted Answer

A)  The availability heuristic 
B)  The representativeness heuristic 
C)  Mental set 
D)  An unnecessary constraint

Question 8

According to the In Focus box "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ," intellectual disability is a disorder:

Accepted Answer

A)  characterized by intellectual function that is significantly below average, usually defined as a measured IQ of 70 or below, and which is caused by brain injury, disease, or a genetic disorder. 
B)  in which scores on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test are consistently 25 percent lower than scores on the WAIS. 
C)  characterized by above-average spatial intelligence, with IQ scores at the 50th percentile or higher on the performance subtest score on the WAIS. 
D)  in which scores on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test are consistently 25 percent higher than scores on the WAIS.

Question 9

_____ is a measure of general intelligence that is derived by comparing an individual's score to scores of others in the same age group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Intelligence quotient (IQ) 
B)  Mental age 
C)  Chronological age 
D)  Mental set

Question 10

Thinking involves manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Faced with a wide variety of computers to choose from, Mary first eliminated all models that would not fit comfortably on her desk. Next, she eliminated all models costing more than $1,000. Finally, she eliminated all models without a full year's warranty. It appears that Mary used the _____ of decision making.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-feature model 
B)  additive model 
C)  elimination by aspects model 
D)  integrative model

Question 12

It is now generally recognized that it is virtually impossible to design a test that is completely culture-free because ability tests reflect the values, knowledge, and communication strategies of their culture of origin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Flynn effect provides support for the influence of genes in determining IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Balanced proficiency refers to being equally proficient in two languages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Your text describes a classic study in which participants memorized a simple map, and then researchers measured how long it took participants to mentally scan from one location to another across a mental image of that map. What was the main conclusion of the research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vast majority of people are unable to mentally scan a remembered visual image. 
B)  People take much longer to scan a mental image than to scan an actual image. 
C)  People tend to scan a mental image in much the same way that they scan an actual visual image. 
D)  People take much longer to scan an actual image than to scan a mental image.

Question 16

In the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" what was the general conclusion, based upon the research of Lewis Terman and Melita Oden with the genius-level children who grew up to be genius-level adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher a person's IQ, the more success the person would have later in life. 
B)  IQ scores have virtually no relationship to personal success. 
C)  Although IQ is important, socioeconomic status accounts for a larger part of life success. 
D)  Personality factors, such as motivation, emotional maturity, willingness to work hard, and commitment to goals, as well as intelligence, seem to play a significant role in life success.

Question 17

When decisions are complex and involve the comparison of many options, each with multiple features, people usually use:

Accepted Answer

A)  only the single-feature model. 
B)  both the single-feature model and the additive model. 
C)  both the elimination by aspects model and the additive model. 
D)  both the single-feature model and the elimination by aspects model.

Question 18

According to some psychologists, there is a heritability estimate of about 50 percent for intelligence in the general population. This statement means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  half of an individual's IQ score is due to genes, and the other half is due to environmental factors. 
B)  the intelligence of about half of the general population is primarily determined by their genes, and the intelligence of the other half is primarily determined by their environment. 
C)  about half of the difference in IQ scores among people within a particular group is due to differences in their genetic makeup. 
D)  half of the population has IQ scores that are above the inherited norm, and half of the population has IQ scores that are below the inherited norm.

Question 19

When LaToya got her new computer, she carefully followed the steps described in the manual, and by the end of the evening her new computer was up and running. LaToya used:

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  a heuristic. 
C)  insight. 
D)  trial and error.

Question 20

Although his intelligence tests were popular while he was alive, Wechsler's intelligence tests are no longer used today.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Subtest scores on the WAIS have proven to have practical and clinical value, such as indicating a specific learning disability.

Stereotype threat refers to the phenomenon that occurs when members of a group are aware of a negative stereotype about the group and fear that they will be judged in terms of that stereotype.

During World War I, the U.S. military developed the _____ to screen millions of recruits.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding language?

Kahal has very conservative political beliefs, and he prefers listening to radio talk shows and reading magazines that are consistent with his views. Kahal's tendency to search only for information and evidence that support his perspective illustrates the:

Can nonhuman animals think? Do they consciously reason? Such questions may be unanswerable. Describe the approach that contemporary comparative psychologists take today instead.

_____ is sometimes most likely to block insight in areas in which you are already knowledgeable or well trained.

According to the In Focus box "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ," intellectual disability is a disorder:

_____ is a measure of general intelligence that is derived by comparing an individual's score to scores of others in the same age group.

Thinking involves manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions.

It is now generally recognized that it is virtually impossible to design a test that is completely culture-free because ability tests reflect the values, knowledge, and communication strategies of their culture of origin.

The Flynn effect provides support for the influence of genes in determining IQ scores.

Balanced proficiency refers to being equally proficient in two languages.

Your text describes a classic study in which participants memorized a simple map, and then researchers measured how long it took participants to mentally scan from one location to another across a mental image of that map. What was the main conclusion of the research study?

In the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" what was the general conclusion, based upon the research of Lewis Terman and Melita Oden with the genius-level children who grew up to be genius-level adults?

When decisions are complex and involve the comparison of many options, each with multiple features, people usually use:

According to some psychologists, there is a heritability estimate of about 50 percent for intelligence in the general population. This statement means that:

When LaToya got her new computer, she carefully followed the steps described in the manual, and by the end of the evening her new computer was up and running. LaToya used:

Although his intelligence tests were popular while he was alive, Wechsler's intelligence tests are no longer used today.