Imagine We Were Interested in the Effect of Supporters Singing

Multiple Choice

Imagine we were interested in the effect of supporters singing on the number of goals scored by soccer teams. We took 10 groups of supporters of 10 different soccer teams and asked them to attend three home games, one at which they were instructed to sing in support of their team (e.g., 'Come on, you Reds!') , one at which they were instructed to sing negative songs towards the opposition (e.g., 'You're getting sacked in the morning!') and one at which they were instructed to sit quietly. The order of chanting was counterbalanced across groups.
-Looking at the output below, which of the following sentences is correct? $$\begin{array}{l}\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\text { Descriptive Statistics }\\\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Mean } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Std. } \\\text { Deviation }\end{array} & \mathrm { N } \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of goals scored } \\\text { When supporters sang } \\\text { songs of encouragement } \\\text { to their team }\end{array} & 2.90 & 1.197 & 10 \\\begin{array} { l } \text { Number of goals scored } \\\text { when supporters sang } \\\text { songs of abuse towards } \\\text { the opposition }\end{array} & .70 & .675 & 10 \\\begin{array} { l } \text { Number of goals scored } \\\text { when supporters sat } \\\text { quietly }\end{array} & 1.50 & 1.080 & 10 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Source } & &{\begin{array}{c}\text { Type III Sum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array}} & {\text { df }} & \text { Mean Square } & {\mathrm{F}} & {\text { Sig. }} \\\hline \text { Singing } & \text { Sphericity Assumed } & 24.800 & 2 & 12.400 & 11.235 & .001 \\& \text { Greenhouse-Ceisser } & 24.800 & 1.577 & 15.727 & 11.235 & .002 \\& \text { Huynh-Feldt } & 24.800 & 1.855 & 13.370 & 11.235 & .001 \\& \text { Lower-bound } & 24.800 & 1.000 & 24.800 & 11.235 & .008 \\\hline \text { ErroriSinging) } & \text { Sphericity Assumed } & 19.867 & 18 & 1.104 & & \\& \text { Greenhouse-Ceisser } & 19.867 & 14.192 & 1.400 & & \\& \text { Huynh-Feldt } & 19.867 & 16.695 & 1.190 & & \\& \text { Lower-bound } & 19.867 & 9.000 & 2.207 & & \\\hline\end{array}$

A) The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly affected by the type of singing from the supporters, F(2, 18) = 11.24, p = .001.
B) The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly affected by the type of singing from the supporters, F(1.58, 14.19) = 11.24, p = .002.
C) The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly affected by the type of singing from the supporters, F(2, 12.4) = 11.24, p = .001.
D) The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly higher when supporters sang positive songs towards their team, F(2, 18) = 11.24, p = .001.