Question 1

As people progress through late adulthood, they typically experience a slight

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in brain weight. 
B)  increase in colds and flu. 
C)  increase in life satisfaction. 
D)  increase in the perception of high-pitched sounds.

Question 2

When children grow up and leave home, parents most frequently report feeling

Accepted Answer

A)  depressed. 
B)  bored. 
C)  happy. 
D)  anxious.

Question 3

Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't understand the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 4

During the time following the death of a loved one

Accepted Answer

A)  those who express the strongest grief immediately do not purge their grief more quickly. 
B)  those who talk frequently with others are unusually likely to prolong their own feelings of depression. 
C)  grieving men are at less risk for ill health than are grieving women. 
D)  both men and women go through predictable stages of denial followed by anger.

Question 5

Exceptionally inhibited and fearful infants tend to become introverted adolescents. This best illustrates the long-term stability of

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament. 
B)  teratogens. 
C)  schemas. 
D)  basic trust.

Question 6

The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the preoperational stage. 
B)  emerging adulthood. 
C)  menopause. 
D)  puberty.

Question 7

As boys with explosive tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional and postconventional morality. 
B)  conscious and unconscious thought. 
C)  stability and change. 
D)  concrete and formal operations.

Question 8

Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is indicative of their emerging

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  conventional morality. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 9

Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents' values but does not fully accept her friends' standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  identity. 
C)  initiative. 
D)  integrity.

Question 10

Researchers have discovered that the midlife transition between early and middle adulthood is characterized by unusually high levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  job dissatisfaction and career change. 
B)  marital dissatisfaction and divorce. 
C)  anxiety and emotional instability. 
D)  none of these feelings or events.

Question 11

Piaget suggested that cognitive development involved an individual's construction of

Accepted Answer

A)  a social clock. 
B)  schemas. 
C)  a rite of passage. 
D)  critical periods.

Question 12

The thought of eating boiled dog meat is so emotionally disgusting to Caitlin that she is immediately sure it must be morally wrong. Her reaction is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  Harlow's attachment perspective. 
B)  Erikson's psychosocial perspective. 
C)  Haidt's intuitionist perspective. 
D)  Kohlberg's moral development perspective.

Question 13

Emotional instability has been found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  highest among 30-year-olds. 
B)  highest among 40-year-olds. 
C)  highest among 50-year-olds. 
D)  similar among adults at all of these ages.

Question 14

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a

Accepted Answer

A)  sense of object permanence. 
B)  concept of conservation. 
C)  capacity for habituation. 
D)  secure attachment.

Question 15

It is difficult to successfully train many children to walk before they are 10 months old. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  maturation.

Question 16

In explaining monogamous pair-bonding among humans, it has been suggested that parents who cooperated to nurture their children to maturity were more likely to have their genes passed along to posterity. This best illustrates a(n) _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  postconventional

Question 17

Kohlberg's critics have noted that a postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found among people who value

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  authoritarian parenting. 
D)  simple equality rather than merit.

Question 18

Two characteristics of authoritative parents are that they provide children with

Accepted Answer

A)  clear behavior expectations and demonstrate high levels of parental responsiveness. 
B)  confusing behavior expectations and demonstrate low levels of parental responsiveness. 
C)  clear behavior expectations and demonstrate low levels of parental responsiveness. 
D)  confusing behavior expectations and demonstrate high levels of parental responsiveness.

Question 19

Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder characterized by deficient social interaction and an impaired

Accepted Answer

A)  capacity for stranger anxiety. 
B)  sense of object permanence. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  concept of conservation.

Question 20

A child's temperament is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  difficult to observe. 
B)  stable over time. 
C)  a product of parenting style. 
D)  a reflection of his or her schemas.

Exam 4: Developing Through the Life Span